Orientation of <i>Heterorhabditis megidis</i> to insect hosts and plant roots in a Y‐tube sand olfactometer

Boff, Mari Inês Carissimi; Zoon, F.C.; Smits, P. H.

doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00789.x

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For example, Neoseiulus cucumeris female predatory mites of rust mites (Aceria tulipae) responded to belowground volatiles signals of tulip bulbs infested by A. tulipae but not to volatiles of untreated or wounded bulbs (Aratchige, Lesna, and Sabelis 2004). Two inspiring papers demonstrated for the first time that unknown emissions of odorous cues were responsible for attracting entomopathogenic nematodes to insect damaged roots (Boff, Zoon, and Smits 2001;van Tol et al 2001). To date, few additional tritrophic interactions implying belowground VOCs signaling have been described both in agricultural systems Stelinski 2010, 2011;Rasmann et al 2005) and in wild environment (Rasmann et al 2011).…”

Section: Belowground Tritrophic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Root-Produced Volatile Secondary Metabolites in Mediating Soil Interactions

Rasmann¹,

Hiltpold²,

Ali³

2012

Advances in Selected Plant Physiology Aspects

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Section: Belowground Tritrophic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Root-Produced Volatile Secondary Metabolites in Mediating Soil Interactions

Rasmann¹,

Hiltpold²,

Ali³

2012

Advances in Selected Plant Physiology Aspects

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“…Roots alone are attractive (Bird and Bird, 1986;Kanagy and Kaya, 1996;Hui and Webster, 2000), and even more so when they are wounded or fed on by insects (Wang and Gaugler, 1998;Boff et al, 2001;van Tol et al, 2001;Rasmann and Turlings, 2008). The presence of roots in soil enhanced the rate of infection by EPN of non-feeding trap insects (wax moths), but only at low root density (Choo and Kaya, 1991), while high density of roots interfered with host-finding (Choo et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterranean insects by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Ennis

Dillon

Griffin

2010

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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a b s t r a c tSteinernema carpocapsae can be effective against root-feeding insects despite its reputation as a sedentary ambusher. In pot experiments, using twigs as surrogate roots and pine weevil larvae as targets, we tested the hypothesis that roots serve as physical routeways and conduits of feeding-associated stimuli, thus enhancing the success of S. carpocapsae applied at the surface against subterranean hosts. Insect mortality was lowest (25%) in the absence of plant material, increased to 48% when twigs linked nematodes and insects, and further increased to 69% when the insects were allowed feed on the twigs. This is the first experimental support for the root-routeway hypothesis.

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“…The induced emission of chemical signals is not limited solely to aboveground plant parts. The entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis was found to be attracted to exudates emitted by plant roots after damage by weevil larvae 9,10 , but the nature of the attractants involved is unknown. Here we show that maize roots damaged by larvae of the economically important coleopteran pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte are attractive to entomopathogenic nematodes, and we identify the chemical compound responsible for the attraction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of entomopathogenic nematodes by insect-damaged maize roots

Rasmann

Köllner

Degenhardt

et al. 2005

Nature

1,086

1,037

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Plants under attack by arthropod herbivores often emit volatile compounds from their leaves that attract natural enemies of the herbivores. Here we report the first identification of an insect-induced belowground plant signal, (E )-b-caryophyllene, which strongly attracts an entomopathogenic nematode. Maize roots release this sesquiterpene in response to feeding by larvae of the beetle Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, a maize pest that is currently invading Europe. Most North American maize lines do not release (E )-b-caryophyllene, whereas European lines and the wild maize ancestor, teosinte, readily do so in response to D. v. virgifera attack. This difference was consistent with striking differences in the attractiveness of representative lines in the laboratory. Field experiments showed a fivefold higher nematode infection rate of D. v. virgifera larvae on a maize variety that produces the signal than on a variety that does not, whereas spiking the soil near the latter variety with authentic (E)-b-caryophyllene decreased the emergence of adult D. v. virgifera to less than half. North American maize lines must have lost the signal during the breeding process. Development of new varieties that release the attractant in adequate amounts should help enhance the efficacy of nematodes as biological control agents against root pests like D. v. virgifera.Plants are not simply passive victims of attacking herbivores; they have evolved an arsenal of physical and chemical defences to protect themselves. Often these defences are mobilized only in response to herbivory 1,2 . Among the proposed inducible defences is the production and release of volatile chemicals that could serve as signals to attract natural enemies of the herbivores [3][4][5] . Manipulating these signals can help increase the effectiveness of these natural enemies as control agents [6][7][8] . The induced emission of chemical signals is not limited solely to aboveground plant parts. The entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis was found to be attracted to exudates emitted by plant roots after damage by weevil larvae 9,10 , but the nature of the attractants involved is unknown. Here we show that maize roots damaged by larvae of the economically important coleopteran pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte are attractive to entomopathogenic nematodes, and we identify the chemical compound responsible for the attraction. D. v. virgifera or Western corn rootworm (WCR) is a voracious pest of maize that is responsible for the use of the bulk of pesticides applied in the cultivation of this crop in the USA 11 . The recent introduction and rapid spread of WCR into Europe has caused major concern for maize production on this continent and has stimulated the search for new methods of maize protection 12,13 . The use of nematodes to control WCR is an ecologically sound option 14,15 , especially if researchers can optimize their efficacy at finding and killing WCR. Attraction of nematodes by WCR-damaged rootsTo determine whether or not WCR-infested maiz...

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Orientation of Heterorhabditis megidis to insect hosts and plant roots in a Y‐tube sand olfactometer

Cited by 59 publications

References 15 publications

The Role of Root-Produced Volatile Secondary Metabolites in Mediating Soil Interactions

The Role of Root-Produced Volatile Secondary Metabolites in Mediating Soil Interactions

Simulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterranean insects by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Recruitment of entomopathogenic nematodes by insect-damaged maize roots

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