Orientation of
            <i>Ambystoma maculatum</i>
            : Movements to and from Breeding Ponds

Shoop, C. Robert

doi:10.1126/science.149.3683.558

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Males tend to deposit spermatophores on multiple occasions, extending males' stay in the wetland (Arnold 1976;Petranka 1998). Numerous studies have also documented high entranceÀexit site fidelity in spotted salamanders (Shoop 1965(Shoop , 1968Phillips & Sexton 1989). It is possible that greater movement from site entrance to exit could be associated with greater energetic expenditure in the pond as a result of breeding site selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies have examined environmental factors influencing spotted salamander breeding migrations, these studies seldom examined the energetic costs related to breeding site selection and the role of other behavioral responses in determining the costs of reproduction. For example, high concordance in wetland entrance and exit sites (i.e., entranceÀexit fidelity) is observed in migrating spotted salamander (Shoop 1965(Shoop , 1968Phillips & Sexton 1989); however, it is unknown if this behavioral response has developed as a result of the associated reproductive costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life-history costs of reproductive behaviors in a wetland-breeding amphibian

Strickland

Bahram

Harden

et al. 2014

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Studies examining the association between life-history strategies and behavior can help inform our understanding of the fitness consequences of reproductive behaviors. Breeding migrations are common in numerous taxa and often represent an important reproductive cost. We examined body mass changes of spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) during their seasonal breeding migrations to determine the influence of breeding behaviors on reproductive costs. We sampled salamanders entering and exiting a 0.92-ha ephemeral wetland in the North Carolina Piedmont using a 400-m drift fence completely encircling the wetland. Traps were checked daily during annual breeding migrations in mid-January to early March of 2013 and 2014. The relationship between body mass changes and explanatory factors including sex, duration of stay at wetland, and distance between site entrance and exit were examined using a set of candidate linear mixed models selected a priori and compared using Akaike's information criterion. Female salamanders lost a greater percentage of body mass during the time in the wetland than males as a result of oviposition. Model selection identified duration of stay as the most important predictor of female body mass change with greater duration of stay associated with lower mass loss. In males, percentage mass loss was most closely associated with site entranceÀexit correspondence with greater distance between entrance and exit sites associated with greater mass loss. These data demonstrate both the importance of wetland entranceÀexit sites and duration of stay at the wetland in determining mass change during spotted salamander reproduction and also that these relationships can differ as a function of sex. Taken together, our findings provide a potential link between behavior, life-history cycles, and costs experienced during reproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-history costs of reproductive behaviors in a wetland-breeding amphibian

Strickland

Bahram

Harden

et al. 2014

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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“…Most ambystomatid salamanders require a fishless pond in which to breed, and are probably philopatric to breeding site, at least as adults (Shoop 1965;Semlitsch 1985;Phillips and Sexton 1989). Among-population variance in allele frequencies is usually high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritable Variation in a Family-Diagnostic Trait

Karoly¹,

Conner²

2000

Evolution

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Abstract. Derived characters that have not changed during the diversification of a clade provide traits that are diagnostic at higher taxonomic levels. The tetradynamous stamen condition (four long and two short stamens) of the Brassicaceae is an example of a diagnostic trait that has not changed during the diversification of this large flowering plant family. We investigated one hypothesis that might explain the long-term stasis of this trait-that tetradynamous stamens have persisted because of an absence of genetic variation underlying the trait. Through a sib-analysis with Raphanus raphanistrum and an artificial selection experiment with Brassica rapa, we demonstrate that significant genetic variation is present for the tetradynamous condition in both species and that the trait is therefore not constrained from evolutionary change by a lack of heritable genetic variation.Key words. Artificial selection, Brassicaceae, Brassica rapa, floral evolution, genetic constraints, genetic variation, Raphanus raphanistrum.Received December 23, 1998. Accepted February 9, 2000 Characters that distinguish taxa at the level of family or order are likely to have originated with the clade's common ancestor and remained static during the subsequent divergence of species within the taxonomic group. The processes that govern the evolution of these traits that are diagnostic for higher taxa of flowering plants have received little empirical investigation. Although developmental homeostasis may contribute to the relative invariance of such traits within a species (Fenster and Galloway 1997;Cresswell 1998), evolutionary explanations that might account for the stasis across species demonstrated by diagnostic characters include either stabilizing selection or some form of evolutionary constraint. Potential constraints include an absence of genetic variation underlying the character or genetic correlations with traits that are themselves stabilized by selection (Maynard Smith et al. 1985). We have investigated the heritability of a floral trait that is diagnostic for the family Brassicaceae to determine if an absence of genetic variation might constrain the evolution of this taxonomically informative character. Our results for two species of mustard show that heritable variation is present for the trait, indicating that other hypotheses must be invoked to account for the trait's evolutionary stasis.The majority of the 3000 species in the mustard clade (family Brassicaceae or Cruciferae) possess flowers in which there are four medial stamens that are long and two lateral stamens that are short (the ''tetradynamous'' condition); this character state is considered diagnostic for the family (Cronquist 1981;Endress 1992;Heywood 1993;Zomlefer 1994). The possession of dimorphic stamen lengths cuts across the diversity of mating systems and pollination modes shown by mustard taxa, which range from autogamously selfing to obligately outcrossing, self-incompatible species (Preston 1986). Although the adaptive nature of specific floral traits has...

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“…The adults are fossorial inhabitants ofdeciduous forests and rely on fishless, woodland ponds for breeding and larval development. The patchy distribution of these ponds combined with a remarkable homing ability during the breeding migration (Shoop 1965;Stenhouse 1985;Phillips and Sexton 1989) and the tendency of adults to remain faithful to a single breeding pond (Husting 1965;Whitford and Vinegar 1966) should contribute to very limited dispersal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIANTS AND THE HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SPOTTED SALAMANDER,AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM

Phillips

1994

Evolution

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Abstract. -I analyzed geographic partitioning of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction-site variants in the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum. Two highly divergent and geographically separate genetic lineages were identified that differed by a minimum of 19 restriction sites (6% sequence divergence).One ofthe lineageshas a disjunct distribution with very closely related haplotypes occurring in Missouri, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia. The other lineage is found in Michigan, Illinois, and Alabama. The geographic separation of highly divergent mtDNA haplotypes, a pattern that was predicted based on the sedentary nature of these salamanders, is evidence for long-term barriers to gene flow. In contrast, the large-scaledisjunction of very similar haplotypes suggests recent, long-distance gene flow and does not match the phylogeographicexpectation for a small terrestrial vertebrate. I explain this potential contradiction in the level of importance assigned to gene flow by a scenario in which historical barriers to gene flow account for the two divergent mtDNA assemblages, but stochastic sorting of ancestral polymorphism is responsible for the large-scale geographicdisjunction. Ten of 16 populations collectedin the Ozark Highlands were fixed for the same haplotype. I attribute this lack of detectable variation to recent colonization of this area, a hypothesis that is supported by paleoecological data and demonstrates the potential benefits of combining data from paleobotany, geology, and other disciplines to reconstruct the historical biogeographyof a species.

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Orientation of Ambystoma maculatum : Movements to and from Breeding Ponds

Abstract: Migrating Ambystoma maculatum tend to utilize the same track on entering and leaving breeding ponds. The movements are usually accom plished at night in rain, fog, or cloudy, weather when visible celestial cues may not be available. The sensory basis for the orienting ability is unknown.

Cited by 69 publications

References 1 publication

Life-history costs of reproductive behaviors in a wetland-breeding amphibian

Life-history costs of reproductive behaviors in a wetland-breeding amphibian

Heritable Variation in a Family-Diagnostic Trait

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIANTS AND THE HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SPOTTED SALAMANDER,AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM

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