We report on the lattice dynamics of abrupt and intermixed interfaces of II-VI-layers and quantum dots, studied by Raman spectroscopy from embedded CdSe monolayers in BeTe, and from CdSe quantum dots in ZnSe. It is demonstrated that the best CdSe/BeTe interface quality is achieved, when CdTe interface bonds are applied. The corresponding vibration modes are described very well by density functional calculations, and they also reveal the onset of CdSe quantum dot formation. For these interfaces, the reduced symmetry (i.e. non-equivalence of [011] and [01-1] in-plane axes) is analyzed from the polarization dependent Raman scattering intensity. Similar results are presented for Raman scattering from Te surface dimers on BeTe(100). Furthermore, the (s,p)-d exchange energy of diluted magnetic II-VI semiconductors is studied by spin flip Raman spectroscopy. For n-doped (Zn,Mn)Se, a doping-induced reduction of the exchange energy and enhancement of the spin relaxation time T is demonstrated.