Orientation and distance in pigeon homing (Columba livia)

"Distance Effect" in Pigeon Orientation: An Evaluation

“…However, our data indicate that neither of these varies consistently for our birds with the distance of the release site from the loft. Graue (1970) has recently also failed to find a distance effect in the orientation of his birds in Ohio. The distance effect does not appear to be a general phenomenon, and hence its theoretical implications are doubtful.…”