Orientation Analysis of Fine-Grained Clastic Sediments: A Report of Progress

Dapples, E. C.; Rominger, J. F.

doi:10.1086/625284

Cited by 60 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Thus, whereas the corners of a particle may show a significant amount of wear associated with transport or weathering, thereby increasing roundness, the bulk shape of the particle, e.g., spherical, bladed, disclike, would remain essentially the same. Marked inequalities due to structure must exist between particles in the same population for multiple shape populations to resolve [ Riley , 1941; Dapples and Rominger , 1945; Cailleux , 1947; Krumbein and Sloss , 1963]. Consequently, mineralogy need not be equal between all particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two‐dimensional elongation measures the projection of a particle, using where W is the width and L is the length of particle projection [ Dapples and Rominger , 1945]. This parameter has also been referred to as two‐dimensional sphericity [ Folk , 1974; Garvin et al , 1981], and like sphericity, it is a property that is influenced by the overall mineralogy and structure of the particle.…”

Section: Morphologic Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative morphology of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site

et al. 2007

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[1] We adapt and test a standard terrestrial technique of assessing morphology quantitatively for use with sites on Mars based on two-dimensional equations and particle outlines, whereby images of particles obtained remotely may yield dimensionless, numerical shape and roundness values consistent with previous knowledge of the lithology and sedimentary transport history. Our test site was the particle-rich Rock Garden at the Mars Pathfinder landing site, a location where the primary geologic processes and lithology have been determined by other means. A total of 575 particles were assessed in terms of size, sphericity, elongation, and roundness; qualitative roundness was determined for 460 particles. Particles are mostly pebble-to cobble-sized and have an average sphericity of 0.75, elongation of 0.63, and relative roundness of 0.083; 69% of particles are subangular or subrounded. Particle sphericity is unimodal, with a sizesphericity profile matching trends for terrestrial populations of similar lithology and elongations nearly identical to those for particles at Vikings 1 and 2. This matches the predictions for a site with the single overall lithology implied from other analyses. Roundness data indicate one or possibly two particle populations, representing the primary processes that likely affected particle roundness most strongly: impact and catastrophic flooding. Finally, we tested a hypothesis suggesting that darker, smaller, more angular particles comprise a population transported through impact cratering, while larger, less dark, more rounded particles are associated with catastrophic flood transport. The opposite result is seen: larger particles throughout the Rock Garden are more angular than smaller ones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphologic Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative morphology of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site

et al. 2007

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“…The thin section was translated as necessary on the Shadowmaster stage until 100 grains had been outlined. Later, lines were drawn through each outlined grain, according to the "least projection elongation" criterion of Dapples and Rominger (1945;see sketch in Hiscott and Middleton, 1980), unless the grain displayed bilateral symmetry in its longest dimension, in which case the trace of the symmetry plane was chosen. The orientations of the lines were measured with reference to the dip direction and grouped into 10° classes from 0° to 180°.…”

Section: Methods and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentology of Deep-Water Volcaniclastics, Oligocene Izu-Bonin Forearc Basin, Based on Formation MicroScanner Images

Hiscott¹,

Colella²,

Pezard³

et al. 1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Three sites were drilled in the Izu-Bonin forearc basin during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 126. High-quality formation microscanner (FMS) data from two of the sites provide images of part of a thick, volcaniclastic, middle to upper Oligocene, basin-plain turbidite succession. The FMS images were used to construct bed-by-bed sedimentary sections for the depth intervals 2232-2441 m below rig floor (mbrf) in Hole 792E, and 4023^330 mbrf in Hole 793B. Beds vary in thickness from those that are: near or below the resolution of the FMS tool (2.5 cm) to those that are 10-15 m thick. The bed thicknesses are distributed according to a power law with an exponent of about 1.0. There are no obvious upward thickening or thinning sequences in the bed-by-bed sections. Spaced packets of thick and very thick beds may be a response to (1) low stands of global sea level, particularly at 30 Ma, (2) periods of increased tectonic uplift, or (3) periods of more intense volcanism.Graded sandstones, most pebbly sandstones, and graded to graded-stratified conglomerates were deposited by turbidity currents. The very thick, mainly structureless beds of sandstone, pebbly sandstone, and pebble conglomerate are interpreted as sandy debris-flow deposits. Many of the sediment gravity flows may have been triggered by earthquakes. Long recurrence intervals of 0.3-1 m.y. for the very thickest beds are consistent with triggering by large-magnitude earthquakes (M = 9) with epicenters approximately 10-50 km away from large, unstable accumulations of volcaniclastic sand and ash on the flanks of arc volcanoes.Paleocurrents were obtained from the grain fabric of six thicker sandstone beds, and ripple migration directions in about 40 thinner beds; orientations were constrained by the FMS images. The data from ripples are very scattered and cannot be used to specify source positions. They do, however, indicate that the paleoenvironment was a basin plain where weaker currents were free to follow a broad range of flow paths. The data from sandstone fabric are more reliable and indicate that turbidity currents flowed toward 150° during the time period from 28.9 to 27.3 Ma. This direction is essentially along the axis of the forearc basin, from north to south, with a small component of flow away from the western margin of the basin.

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“…The parameters measured were the usual ones, ON ) + the azimuth and dip of the a-axis. The elongation k'3"~ direction of this axis is taken as the direction of ?Y~ ... the two parallel lines touching the particle with 3miles least separation (Dapples and Rominger 1945).…”

Section: Historic Till Fabric Work In the Lothiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Till Fabric Analyses from the Lothians, Central Scotland

Kirby¹

1969

Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography

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Orientation Analysis of Fine-Grained Clastic Sediments: A Report of Progress

Cited by 60 publications

References 1 publication

Quantitative morphology of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site

Quantitative morphology of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site

Sedimentology of Deep-Water Volcaniclastics, Oligocene Izu-Bonin Forearc Basin, Based on Formation MicroScanner Images

Till Fabric Analyses from the Lothians, Central Scotland

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