Oribacterium parvum sp. nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium

Abstract

Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1 T , ACB7 T and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. All strains required yeast extract for growth. Strains ACB1 T and ACB8 were able to grow on glucose, lactose, maltose, maltodextrin and raffinose; strain ACB7 T grew weakly on sucrose only. The growth temperature range was 30-42 6C with optimum growth at 37 6C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1 T were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7 T and ACB8 was acetate. Major fatty acids of strain ACB1 T were C 14 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 v7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C 18 : 1 v7c DMA. Major fatty acids of strain ACB7 T were C 12 : 0 , C 14 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 v7c and C 16 : 1 v7c DMA. The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1c. Genomic DNA G+C content varied from 42 to 43.3 % between strains. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1 T , ACB8 and ACB7 T formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6 % sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1 T , ACB8, ACB7 T and O. sinus F0268 were ,70 %. Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1 T and ACB8, and strain ACB7 T are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are ACB1 T (5DSM

Characterization of the Duodenal Mucosal Microbiome in Obese Adult Subjects by 16S rRNA Sequencing

“…In agreement, decreased Lachnospiraceae were previously described in oral microbiome from obese compared to non-obese type 2 diabetic individuals [40]. Characterization of Stomatobaculum and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum, highlighted that Stomatobaculum encoded in its genome the cysteine desulfurase gene [41], whereas the major metabolic end product of Oribacterium asaccharolyticum was acetate [42]. Interestingly, a recent study evaluated the associations of BMI with circulating microbiota biomarkers in African American men and found that propionic and butyric SCFAs, but not acetic acid, were significant positive predictors of BMI [43].…”

The severity of human peri‐implantitis lesions correlates with the level of submucosal microbial dysbiosis

“…In addition, we identified several taxa not previously reported to occur at PI sites, including O. asaccharolyticum , V. dispar, G. elegans , and C. durum , that is, natural inhabitants of the human aerodigestive tract (Chen et al., ; Kumar et al., ; Ohara‐Nemoto et al., ; Sizova et al., ).…”

The influence of spaceflight on the astronaut salivary microbiome and the search for a microbiome biomarker for viral reactivation

“…There are very few studies that make reference to it in terms of health and disease, but there is one record of Oribacterium being enriched in saliva samples from healthy control subjects compared to saliva from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma [35]. The major fermentation end product of two of the three species in this genus, which were both found in our dataset, O. parvum and O. sinus, is lactate [34,36]. Lactate levels in the saliva could control viral titers once reactivation occurs, as physiological levels of lactic acid present in the vaginal tract have shown potency in HIV and Chlamydia inactivation [37,38].…”

“…Members of the genus Oribacterium are non-spore forming, gram positive, motile, and strict anaerobes that have been isolated from human subgingival plaque [34]. There are very few studies that make reference to it in terms of health and disease, but there is one record of Oribacterium being enriched in saliva samples from healthy control subjects compared to saliva from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma [35].…”