Organotin Polyethers as Biomaterials

Abstract

Organotin polyethers are easily synthesized employing interfacial polymerization systems involving the reaction of hydroxyl-containing Lewis bases and organotin halides. A wide variety of organotin-containing polymeric products have been synthesized including those derived from natural and synthetic polymers such as lignin, xylan, cellulose, dextran, and poly(vinyl alcohol). Others have been synthesized employing known drug diols such as dicumarol, DES, and dienestrol and a wide variety of synthetic diols. Included in these materials are the first water soluble organotin polymers. The organotin polyethers exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Some selectively inhibit a number of unwanted bacteria, including Staph. MRSA, and unwanted yeasts such as Candida albicans. Some also inhibit a variety of viruses including those responsible for herpes infections and smallpox. Others show good inhibition of a wide variety of cancer cell lines including cell lines associated with ovarian, colon, lung, prostrate, pancreatic and breast cancer. The synthesis, structural characterization, and biological characterization of these materials is described in this review.

Use of metal-containing polymers as potential anticancer agents

“…We also find that the active agent is the polymer and not the degradation products [26]. This is consistent with studies that show that the polymers are stable in DMSO with half-chain lives, the time for the chain length to halve, generally in excess of 30 weeks [6][7][8][9]. In Use of metal-containing polymers as potential anticancer agents…”

“…For instance, polymers from organotin ( Figure 1) and metallocene ( Figure 3,4) exhibit good ability to inhibit cancer cell lines. In fact, the hafnocene and zirconocene products show EC 50 values in the other studies the polymers are found to be cytotoxic and cell death is by necrosis [6][7][8]. Most organometallic compounds associate with polar solvents such as DMSO and the biological results may be influenced by the presence of the DMSO [27][28][29].…”

“…Much of this has been reviewed in a ten volume series [1] and various reviews for platinum [2][3][4][5], organotin [5][6][7][8][9] , Group 5 [10,11] Group 15 [12][13][14], uranium [15], ruthenium [16] and vanadocene-containing [17] polymers. This brief review concentrates on the synthesis and characterization of metal-containing polymers for cancer treatment though they also offer good antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity.…”

Group 4 Metallocene Polymers—Selected Properties and Applications

“…Our approach is to select Lewis bases that themselves have some biological activity, not necessarily anticancer, in hopes that the combination will have a synergetic effect. All of the Group 4 metallocene dichlorides exhibit anticancer activity [18][19][20][21][22]. In fact, only two metal-containing molecules have undergone human cancer treatment.…”

Impaired ergosterol biosynthesis mediated fungicidal activity of oil based tin polymer

“…High performance organometallic polymers which can offer properties like electronic, photonic and biomedical have drawn much attention in the field of polymer science and engineering (Carraher et al, 1979;Carraher and Roner, 2009). Metal incorporation is an important synthetic approach which can modify its surface and biological activity or provide sites for further modifications to improve the biocompatibility of organic compounds.…”