Organotin Pollution in Deep-Sea Fish from the Northwestern Mediterranean

Abstract

Aquatic pollution resulting from extensive usage of organotin compounds has been of great concern due to their deleterious effects in nontarget organisms. However, organotin contamination in deep-sea ecosystems has been rarely studied. The presentwork attempted to determine butyltin and phenyltin compounds in deep-sea fish collected between 1000 and 1800 m depth in the NW Mediterranean. The concentration of tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products, mono- (MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT), aswell astriphenyltin (TPT),and mono- anddiphenyltin (MPT, DPT) was determined in different tissues (liver, gills, digestive tube, and muscle) of several fish species. Total butyltin residues were up to 175 ng/g wet wt, and they were comparable to levels found in coastal fish collected along the Catalan coast. In contrast, deep-sea fish contained much higher levels of phenyltins (up to 1700 ng/g wet wt), and particularly TPT (up to 1430 ng/g wet wt), than previously reported concentrations in shallow-water organisms. The obtained results confirm the long-range transport of organotin compounds to the deep-sea environment, and the subsequent exposure of fish inhabiting nonpoint source areas. The use of TPT in agriculture or as an antifouling agent, its transport to the deep-sea environment associated to particulate matter, and its nonbiodegradable nature in the food chain may account for the high residue levels detected in deep-sea organisms.

Malformations of the endangered Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis , and its causal agent

“…In addition to the fact that TPT concentrations measured in marine fish were unexpectedly greater than those of TBT because of the trophic magnification of TPT (9,10), TPT continues to be used as a contact fungicide to treat crops in China. TPT acetate and TPT hydroxide are registered for use in China especially as molluscicides to eliminate the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in paddy fields where it has seriously threatened aquatic crops.…”

Decline of Prooxidant Activity of Butyl and Phenyl Derivatives of Tin in the Presence of meso-Tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin

“…Необходимо также учитывать, что, благодаря протекающей во многих организмах реакции деалкилирования тризамещенных ООС, дизамещенные могут быть самыми распростра-ненными органическими производными олова в биоте, хотя биоаккумулирование тризамещенных ООС превы-шает накопление менее липофильных дизамещенных. [15] Данные токсиканты вовлекаются в окислительные процессы с генерированием активных радикалов, ини-циирующих реакции ПОЛ. Уязвимость рыбной муки по отношению к ООС обусловлена высокой ненасыщенно-стью остатков жирных кислот, входящих в состав липи-дов.…”

Effects of a series of triorganotins on ATP levels in human natural killer cells

“…OT contamination has been reported in water, sediment and fish from both freshwater and marine environments in the United States, Europe and Japan (Alzieu et al, 1991;Fent and Hunn., 1991;Kannan et al, 1995a,b,c;Tolosa et al, 1992;Ueno et al, 1999;Borghi and Porte, Correspondence: Margaret M. Whalen, Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Nashville,TN 37209,Email: mwhalen@tnstate.edu,2002). Environmental contamination resulting from extensive use of OTs has been of great concern due to the potential for deleterious effects on non-target organisms (Kimbrough, 1976;Kannan et al, 1997;Maguire, 2000;Nielsen and Strand, 2002).…”

“…Measurable levels of TMT (as high as 0.13 μg/L, average value 0.042 μg/L) have been found in urine samples from humans who had not experienced an acute exposure (Braman and Tompkins, 1979). Human exposure to OTs might come from occupational exposure and/or consumption of contaminated food (Kimbrough, 1976;Borghi and Porte, 2002).…”