Organotin(IV)‐Loaded Mesoporous Silica as a Biocompatible Strategy in Cancer Treatment

Abstract

The strong therapeutic potential of an organotin(IV) compound loaded in nanostructured silica (SBA-15pSn) is demonstrated: B16 melanoma tumor growth in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice is almost completely abolished. In contrast to apoptosis as the basic mechanism of the anticancer action of numerous chemotherapeutics, the important advantage of this SBA-15pSn mesoporous material is the induction of cell differentiation, an effect unknown for metal-based drugs and nanomaterials alone. This non-aggressive mode of drug action is highly efficient against cancer cells but is in the concentration range used nontoxic for normal tissue. JNK (Jun-amino-terminal kinase)-independent apoptosis accompanied by the development of the melanocyte-like nonproliferative phenotype of survived cells indicates the extraordinary potential of SBA-15pSn to suppress tumor growth without undesirable compensatory proliferation of malignant cells in response to neighboring cell death.

Multifunctional Silica-Based Nanoparticles with Controlled Release of Organotin Metallodrug for Targeted Theranosis of Breast Cancer

“…In this sense, nanomaterials can act as suitable vectors for metallodrug delivery by (i) protecting the active species from degradation, (ii) enhancing their therapeutic activity [26], (iii) increasing drug bioavailability and specificity, or (iv) increasing the solubility [23,[27][28][29][30]. Because of its synthetic flexibility and biocompatibility, mesoporous silica-based nanostructured materials (MSN) represent one of the most used nanovectors in biomedicine, with special importance in metallodrug-based drug delivery systems [23,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Consequently, the MSNs have stood out in different biomedical fields such as molecular imaging (fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging) and drug delivery [39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Anionic chlorido(triphenyl)tin(IV) bearing N‐phthaloylglycinato or 1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylato 1,2‐anhydride ligands: potential cytotoxic and apoptosis‐inducing agents against several types of cancer

“…Anyhow, organotin compounds have demonstrated to be highly cytotoxic in several reported studies . In addition, a recent study on SBA‐15 mesoporous material containing 6‐[triphenyltin(IV)]hexan‐1‐ol describes a non‐aggressive mode of drug action, highly efficient against cancer cells . Further investigations within this class of compounds, especially of the more soluble ionic triphenyltin(IV) chloride carboxylate complexes, seemed attractive based on the significant results obtained recently …”

Anticancer Applications and Recent Investigations of Metallodrugs Based on Gallium, Tin and Titanium

“…In addition, in the age of nanotechnology, their medicinal applications are being enhanced by simple conjugations with silica-based nanomaterials. For example, our group is now working on the support of novel organotin(IV) compounds onto nanostructured silica [44]. Our latest results showed excellent in vitro [45] and in vivo [44] behavior of the new encapsulated systems which have the potential to be used in the future in phase I clinical trials.…”