Organotin(IV) Dithiocarbamate Complexes: Chemistry and Biological Activity

Abstract

Significant attention has been given to organotin(IV) dithiocabamate compounds in recent times. This is due to their ability to stabilize specific stereochemistry in their complexes, and their diverse application in agriculture, biology, catalysis and as single source precursors for tin sulfide nanoparticles. These complexes have good coordination chemistry, stability and diverse molecular structures which, thus, prompt their wide range of biological activities. Their unique stereo-electronic properties underline their relevance in the area of medicinal chemistry. Organotin(IV) dithiocabamate compounds owe their functionalities and usefulness to the individual properties of the organotin(IV) and the dithiocarbamate moieties present within the molecule. These individual properties create a synergy of action in the hybrid complex, prompting an enhanced biological activity. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes that accounts for their relevance in biology and medicine.

Chemistry and Some Biological Potential of Bismuth and Antimony Dithiocarbamate Complexes

“…Anions of dithiolate/dithiocarbamate ligands have a general formula -S 2 CNR 2 and are often known for their good metal-coordination properties [35]. Generally, dithiocarbamates exist in three different resonant forms, as shown in Figure 1 [14]. In the resonant forms A and C, there is a single bond between the carbon and the nitrogen atom, which favours the delocalisation of −1 charge between the two sulphur atoms and the carbon.…”

“…Stibines (SbR 3 ) and bismuthines (BiR 3 ) are the heavier analogues of these ligands, and they confer more interesting features that are often less shown in simpler analogues [10].Generally, organometallic complexes show unique physio-chemical properties and have been extensively used in catalysis and as drug candidates [12]. In recent times, due to the useful characteristics of these group of compounds such as structural diversity, possibilities for ligand exchange, redox and catalytic properties, they have been used for diverse medicinal purposes [12][13][14]. This has consequently resulted in the synthesis of an array of medicinally useful compounds, with few already in the clinical trial stages [12,13].…”

“…Instead of exchanging a "non-useful ligand" (such as a chloride ion) to form a useful metal adduct, which interrupts the proper function of a precise biomolecules, the released ligand molecule could actually cause a medicinal effect of its own in the biological system [12]. Dithiocarbamate is one such useful ligand capable of conferring a useful medicinal effect in a biological system due to its proven capacity to inhibit enzymes and ultimately affect biological environments [14].Dithiocarbamates are the amides of dithiocarbamic acid and are capable of forming stable metal complexes due to their outstanding coordination properties [14]. They have a wide range of applications and chemistry, consequently resulting in their versatility.…”

“…Instead of exchanging a "non-useful ligand" (such as a chloride ion) to form a useful metal adduct, which interrupts the proper function of a precise biomolecules, the released ligand molecule could actually cause a medicinal effect of its own in the biological system [12]. Dithiocarbamate is one such useful ligand capable of conferring a useful medicinal effect in a biological system due to its proven capacity to inhibit enzymes and ultimately affect biological environments [14].…”

“…Dithiocarbamates are the amides of dithiocarbamic acid and are capable of forming stable metal complexes due to their outstanding coordination properties [14]. They have a wide range of applications and chemistry, consequently resulting in their versatility.…”