Organotin compounds: industrial applications and biological investigation.

Piver, Warren T.

doi:10.1289/ehp.730461

Cited by 235 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Exposure of humans to these and other environmental chemicals may be through the gastrointestinal tract, since the epithelial cells of the proximal small intestine have been shown to exhibit a highly active drug-and chemical-metabolizing enzyme system (Chhabra et al, 1974;Fang and Stroebel, 1978;Gibaldi and Perrier, 1974;Hoensch et al, 1976;Stohs et al, 1976b;Wetterberg, 1972). Rosenberg et al (1982) have also demonstrated that oral administration of TBTO, an important biocidal agent (McCollister and Schober, 1975;Piver, 1973), produces a substantial elevation in HMOX activity, when measured at 16 h in rat small intestine. Concomitant with elevated HMOX activity there occurs a substantial reduction in benzo(a)pyrano hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 concentrations in rat small intestine.…”

Section: B Effects Of Organometals On Heme Metabolism Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Biology of Heme Effect of Metal Salts, Organometals, and Metalloporphyrins on Heme Synthesis and Catabolism, with Special Reference to Clinical Implications and Interactions with Cytochrome P-450

Beri

Chandra

1993

Drug Metabolism Reviews

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Although free porphyrins occur in nature in small quantities, no known function has been assigned to them. In contrast, heme and cobalamin, which are Fe and Co chelates of porphyrins or porphyrin derivatives, respectively, carry out crucial biological functions. Heme is the prosthetic group for a number of hemoproteins. These include myoglobin and hemoglobin, which carry out oxygen binding or transport; mitochondrial cytochromes aa3, b, c, and c3, which are important in transferring electrons; microsomal cytochrome P-450, which catalyzes mixed-function oxidations; catalase, which decomposes H2O2; peroxidase, which activates H2O2; and tryptophan pyrrolase, which catalyzes the oxidation of tryptophan. Recently, heme has also been shown to be the prosthetic group of prostaglandin and peroxide synthetase and indoleamine dioxygenase. The elegant studies of the biochemical pathway for the formation of heme demonstrated the arrangement in the porphyrin macrocycle of the carbon and nitrogen atoms originating from the eight glycine and the succinic acid molecule that are the precursors of porphyrins. There are eight enzymes involved in the synthesis of heme. The first and last three of these enzymes are localized in mitochondria, while the intermediate enzymes are localized in cytosol. The catalytic site of HMOX recognizes metalloporphyrins with central metal atoms other than iron; it favors some of these metalloporphyrins over heme as a potential substrate, sometimes by a large factor, permitting the synthetic heme analogue to serve as a potent competitive inhibitor of HMOX reaction. Since these synthetic metalloporphyrins do not bind molecular oxygen, they are not metabolically degraded by ring rupture and do not add to the body pool of bile pigment. One possible consequence of this competitive inhibition of heme degradation is suppression of bile pigment formation to such a degree that excessive plasma levels of bilirubin may be diminished. The studies of Drummond and Kappas (1981) and later studies in rats, mice, monkeys, and man, and also our studies have proved the latter phenomenon. The compound does not appear to affect the metabolic disposition of preformed bilirubin but inhibits biliary bilirubin excretion derived from the metabolism of endogenous or exogenous heme. Whether some of the effect of Sn-PP on naturally occurring or experimentally induced jaundice in animals reflects diversion of heme to nonheme to oxygenase-dependent pathways of heme metabolism, or whether a pathway which is normally latent becomes activated concurrent with HMOX inhibition is not known.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: B Effects Of Organometals On Heme Metabolism Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Biology of Heme Effect of Metal Salts, Organometals, and Metalloporphyrins on Heme Synthesis and Catabolism, with Special Reference to Clinical Implications and Interactions with Cytochrome P-450

Beri

Chandra

1993

Drug Metabolism Reviews

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“…In the Netherlands, the annual use of triphenyltin acetate (TPTA) on potato crops was 300 t in 1987. Trialkyltin compounds are primarily in use as biocides (Piver, 1973) and wood preservatives, and for the disinfection of circulating industrial cooling water. Furthermore, tributyltin compounds are added as antifouling agents in paints for the prevention of settling and growth of barnacles, planktonic larvae, algae, and other organisms to ship hulls, thus reducing the cost of excessive fuel consumption due to biological incrustations (Ascher, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Triphenyltin Acetate on Survival, Hatching Success, and Liver Ultrastructure of Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Strmac

Braunbeck

1999

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…30,31 Organotin-based reactants in free-radical polymerization have been studied to a much lesser extent by comparison. Polymers based on tributyltin acrylate and tributyltin methacrylate are highly biotoxic and are used as antifouling paints.…”

Section: * S Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAFT Polymerization with Triphenylstannylcarbodithioates (Sn-RAFT)

et al. 2015

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A new range of tin-based reversible addition− fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agents is described and evaluated for the polymerization of acrylamides, methyl acrylate and styrene. These organometallic compounds are highly reactive reversible transfer agents which allow an efficient control of the polymerization of substituted acrylamide monomers, whereas RAFT control for methyl acrylate and styrene polymerization is contaminated by side reactions at prolonged reaction times. 119 Sn NMR is shown to be an informative instrument for the monitoring of Sn-RAFTmediated polymerizations.

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Organotin compounds: industrial applications and biological investigation.

Cited by 235 publications

References 31 publications

Chemistry and Biology of Heme Effect of Metal Salts, Organometals, and Metalloporphyrins on Heme Synthesis and Catabolism, with Special Reference to Clinical Implications and Interactions with Cytochrome P-450

Chemistry and Biology of Heme Effect of Metal Salts, Organometals, and Metalloporphyrins on Heme Synthesis and Catabolism, with Special Reference to Clinical Implications and Interactions with Cytochrome P-450

Effects of Triphenyltin Acetate on Survival, Hatching Success, and Liver Ultrastructure of Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

RAFT Polymerization with Triphenylstannylcarbodithioates (Sn-RAFT)

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