Organophosphorus Polyurethane Ionomers as Water Vapor Permeable and Pervaporation Membranes

Abstract

Organophosphorus polyurethane ionomers (AEPA-PU) based on aminoethers of ortho-phosphoric acid (AEPA) were obtained and studied as pervaporation membrane materials for separating isopropanol/water mixtures. The regularities of the change in the water vapor permeability of AEPA-PU were also investigated. It has been established that an increase of solute content in the composition of the urethane-forming system and the content of ionogenic groups in AEPA leads to a noticeable increase in the vapor permeability of the resulting film materials. An increase in water vapor permeability values is accompanied by a significant increase in the pervaporation characteristics of AEPU-PU. It was shown that the conditions promoting clustering of phosphate anions cause an increase in the values of the vapor permeability coefficient of AEPA-PU obtained using polyoxypropylene glycol. However, the hydrophobicity of the polypropylene glycol surrounding the clusters makes it difficult for water to move through the polymer matrix. Due to the hydrophilicity of polyoxyethylene glycol, the highest values of water vapor permeability and pervaporation characteristics are achieved for AEPA-PU synthesized using PEG.

Nanoparticle-Embedded Polymers and Their Applications: A Review

“…The incorporation of nanoparticles into polymeric membranes, when using different types of materials, has the potential to cause a synergistic effect [ 8 ]. The advanced industrial application of nanoparticle-embedded polymeric materials depends on the ability of researchers to develop materials with distinct and competitive specifications [ 9 ]. The performance of polymeric films has been improved via the addition of nanometals such as silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles, as well as other nanomaterials, particularly titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, and zinc oxide (i.e., TiO 2 , CNT, and ZnO).…”

Dielectric properties of organophosphorus polyurethane ionomers

“…In References 55–57, polyurethane ionomers based on the aminoethers of ortho‐phosphoric acid (AEPA) were synthesized. The synthesis of AEPA is based on the etherification reaction of ortho‐phosphoric acid (OPA) in the presence of tertiary amines.…”

“…On the contrary, the use of triethylamine (TEA) as a catalyst (Scheme 2) results in the etherification of OPA by polypropylene glycol (PPG), leading to the predominance of polyphosphate structures (EPA) 55–57 …”

“…On the contrary, the use of triethylamine (TEA) as a catalyst (Scheme 2) results in the etherification of OPA by polypropylene glycol (PPG), leading to the predominance of polyphosphate structures (EPA). [55][56][57] Polyurethanes (EPA-PU) and polyurethane ionomers (AEPA-PU) based on the EPA and AEPA were obtained using polyisocyanates of an aromatic nature. In Reference 51, it was shown that the features of the chemical structure of AEPA-PU are the cause of the ionogenic phosphate group aggregation in the form of proton-conducting channels (Scheme 3).…”