Organophosphorus Insecticide Poisoning

Karalliedde, Lakshman; Senanayake, Nimal

doi:10.1093/bja/63.6.736

Cited by 151 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Effects on the eyes (myopia and pigmentary degeneration of retina) [44], joints (arthritis) [44] and cerebellar ataxia [44], along with interference with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism [44], have also been reported in animals and man but these observations have not been substantiated.…”

Section: Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some workers believe that the limited passage of the oxime to the brain may have a significant, albeit small, effect and prompt improvement has been reported in the level of consciousness and in the EEG of a poisoned child with an intravenous infusion of pralidoxime chloride [140]. Intramuscular injections of pralidoxime chloride of 7.5 or 10 mg.kg À1 have produced plasma concentrations exceeding the therapeutic level of 4 mg.l À1 [43]. In large doses, pralidoxime can produce neuromuscular block and even inhibition of acetylcholinesterase [141,142].…”

Section: Oximesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following classical OP poisoning, three well-defined clinical phases [43] are recognised: the initial cholinergic phase, the intermediate syndrome and delayed polyneuropathy (OP-induced delayed polyneuropathy, OPIDN), illustrating a triphasic effect of OP compounds in man. Equally important are the effects of OP agents on specific physiological systems of the body, as reported in both man and in animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equally important are the effects of OP agents on specific physiological systems of the body, as reported in both man and in animals. The systems affected include the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system and metabolic and endocrine systems, including reproduction and the neuromuscular junction [44]. The initial cholinergic phase is a medical emergency that requires treatment in an intensive care unit.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia

1999

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SummaryOrganophosphorus compounds, used as insecticides and agents of chemical warfare, are a major global cause of health problems. These irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase produce three wellrecognised clinical entities: the initial cholinergic phase, which is a medical emergency often requiring management in an intensive care unit; the intermediate syndrome, during which prolonged ventilatory care is necessary; and delayed polyneuropathy. In addition, disturbances of body temperature and endocrine function, electrolyte imbalances, immunological dysfunction and disorders of reproduction have been reported in animals and man. Vocal cord paralysis, pancreatitis, cardiac arrhythmias and a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders are known to follow acute and chronic exposure to organophosphorus compounds. As a result of the inhibition of plasma cholinesterase, there can be increased sensitivity to drugs hydrolysed by this enzyme, e.g. suxamethonium and mivacurium. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase causes dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction which can produce altered responses to nondepolarising neuromuscular blockers. Anaesthetists may encounter patients exposed to organophosphorus compounds either following acute poisoning, trauma (warfare) or as patients with a wide range of nonspecific disorders presenting for surgery. The traditional use of oximes and atropine in treatment has failed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with poisoning. The roles of agents that have reduced the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds in animal experiments are discussed as potential therapeutic agents. There is an urgent need for accurate information on the problems associated with exposure to organophosphorus compounds. This would best be achieved by collaborative research between technologically advanced countries and developing countries, where organophosphorus compounds are a leading cause of ill health.

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Section: Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oximesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia

1999

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“…The most important initial sign of IS is respiratory failure (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). The muscle weakness begins at first in the extremities, the neck, the eyes, and the respiratory system (6).…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-onset intermediate syndrome due to organophosphate poisoning

Yardan

Baydın

Aygün

et al. 2007

Clinical Toxicology

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Surface display of MPH on Pseudomonas putida JS444 using ice nucleation protein and its application in detoxification of organophosphates

Yang

Cai

Dong³

et al. 2007

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) has been displayed on the surface of microorganisms for the first time using only N- and C-terminal domains of the ice nucleation protein (INPNC) from Pseudomonas syringae INA5 as an anchoring motif. A shuttle vector pINCM coding for INPNC-MPH was constructed and used to target MPH onto the surface of a natural p-nitrophenol (PNP) degrader, Pseudomonas putida JS444, overcoming the potential substrate uptake limitation. Over 90% of the MPH activity was located on the cell surface as determined by protease accessibility and cell fractionation experiments. The surface localization of the INPNC-MPH fusion was further verified by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. The engineered P. putida JS444 degraded organophosphates as well as PNP rapidly without growth inhibition. Compared to organophosphorus hydrolase-displaying systems reported, changes in substrate specificity highlight an important potential use of the engineered strain for the clean-up of specific organophosphate nerve agents.

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Organophosphorus Insecticide Poisoning

Cited by 151 publications

References 48 publications

Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia

Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia

Late-onset intermediate syndrome due to organophosphate poisoning

Surface display of MPH on Pseudomonas putida JS444 using ice nucleation protein and its application in detoxification of organophosphates

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