Organophosphate Exposure

Chen, Sigeng; Cashman, John R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62645-5.00006-7

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Organophosphates are highly toxic compounds widely used as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and as chemical warfare agents (CWAs), also known as nerve agents. , Current decontamination procedures normally consist of transport of the CWAs to available sites for harmless degradation. Transport and storage are hazardous as any release could cause fatalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Liquid Crystal Polymer Absorbent for Immobilization and Detection of Gaseous Nerve Agent Simulants

Foelen

Puglisi

Debije

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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Detection and sequestration of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), such as poisonous organophosphates, are highly desirable for both personal security and environmental protection. However, both sensing and absorption in a single device have been rarely reported. In this study, we describe a photonic absorbent based on a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer as a dual sensing and decontamination device for gas-type CWAs. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) was used as a simulant compound. A blue reflective photonic polymer was fabricated that was able to detect DMMP vapor through absorption. Hydrogen bond interactions between DMMP and mesogenic carboxylic groups of the polymer allow selectivity and capture. A distinct optical change of the film from blue to bright green indicates the absorption of DMMP vapor molecules and confirms when full absorption of the polymer is achieved. The diffusion of DMMP vapor into the material was observed by the formation of a sharp boundary between swollen and unswollen material, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy images and the structural color changes. In ambient conditions, DMMP molecules are retained in the photonic absorbent without release to the environment. Heating above approximately 60 °C releases the absorbed DMMP, leading to a reusable optical device. These results confirm the ability of photonic polymers to sense and immobilize dangerous vapor, paving the way for the realization of simple, battery-free optical devices able to simultaneously warn and protect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Liquid Crystal Polymer Absorbent for Immobilization and Detection of Gaseous Nerve Agent Simulants

Foelen

Puglisi

Debije

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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“…Currently, the unambiguous detection of toxic OP substances relies on nonportable analytical instrumentation, while developing effective measures for their rapid detection and degradation is still a focus of many research efforts . Indeed, there are elegant examples of synthetic and biological molecules capable of detecting and degrading nerve agents . Chemosensors and catalysts often lack chemo/stereoselectivity for exclusively “picking” desired OPs among other compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Cavity Basket Promotes Encapsulation in Water in an Allosteric Fashion

et al. 2015

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We prepared dual-cavity basket 1 to carry six (S)-alanine residues at the entrance of its two juxtaposed cavities (289 Å(3)). With the assistance of (1)H NMR spectroscopy and calorimetry, we found that 1 could trap a single molecule of 4 (K1 = 1.45 ± 0.40 × 10(4) M(-1), ITC), akin in size (241 Å(3)) and polar characteristics to nerve agent VX (289 Å(3)). The results of density functional theory calculations (DFT, M06-2X/6-31G*) and experiments ((1)H NMR spectroscopy) suggest that the negative homotropic allosterism arises from the guest forming C-H···π contacts with all three of the aromatic walls of the occupied basket's cavity. In response, the other cavity increases its size and turns rigid to prevent the formation of the ternary complex. A smaller guest 6 (180 Å(3)), akin in size and polar characteristics to soman (186 Å(3)), was also found to bind to dual-cavity 1, although giving both binary [1⊂6] and ternary [1⊂62] complexes (K1 = 7910 M(-1) and K2 = 2374 M(-1), (1)H NMR spectroscopy). In this case, the computational and experimental ((1)H NMR spectroscopy) results suggest that only two aromatic walls of the occupied basket's cavity form C-H···π contacts with the guest to render the singly occupied host flexible enough to undergo additional structural changes necessary for receiving another guest molecule. The structural adaptivity of dual-cavity baskets of type 1 is unique and important for designing multivalent hosts capable of effectively sequestering targeted guests in an allosteric manner to give stable supramolecular polymers.

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