Organomodified kaolin as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber

Sukumar, Rugmini; Menon, A. R. R.

doi:10.1002/app.27469

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Kaolinite [Al 4 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 ] is a dioctahedral aluminosilicate, which is built with a tetrahedral SiO 4 sheet and an octahedral AlO 4 (OH) 2 sheet linked together by oxygen atoms. The crystal consists of several of these layers extending in a twodimensional array [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of kaolin modified polyester

Zhang

Chen

2011

J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit.

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Fiber-class modified kaolin and PET have been blended in the twin-screw and granulated to chips containing 4 wt% of kaolin. Non-isothermal crystallization process of kaolin modifi ed polyester was investigated using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the addition of kaolin enhances either the melting temperature (T m ) or the crystallization temperature (T c ). The morphology of kaolin modifi ed polyester, the melt of which is cooled at different cooling rate, was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The relationship between T c and cooling rate F was studied. Semi-crystalline phase t 1/2 makes an exponential decline with increasing F, and the higher the cooling rate, the shorter the time of crystallization completion. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters and the activation energy were calculated, indicating that the higher rate of cooling needs the higher relative crystallinity in the unit crystallization time, the crystallization rate increased while speeding up the temperature reduction, and the activation energy E was calculated to be -204.1566 kJ/mol for the non-isothermal crystallization processes by the Kissinger's methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of kaolin modified polyester

Zhang

Chen

2011

J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit.

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“…A variety of black and nonblack fillers of the reinforcing and nonreinforcing types cater to this need. Among several fillers, silica and carbon black are the most important reinforcing agents used in compounding recipes 1–9. Despite being well known for their strong interactions with rubbers, these fillers are relatively expensive compared with natural fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of lime kiln dust as a filler in the natural rubber industry

Arayapranee

Rempel

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Lime kiln dust (LKD) obtained from kraft chemical recovery systems by conversion of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) back into calcium oxide (CaO) for reuse in the causticizing process, is mainly composed of CaCO 3 . A two-stage conventional mixing procedure was used to incorporate LKD into natural rubber (NR). For comparison purposes, four commercial fillers, stearic acid coated CaCO 3 , ground CaCO 3 , silica, and carbon black, were also used. The effect of these fillers on the curing characteristics and mechanical properties of NR materials at various loadings ranging from 0 to 60 phr were studied. The results indicate that the use of LKD filler resulted in a lower Mooney viscosity and shorter curing time in the NR materials. The incorporation of LKD into NR improved the Young's modulus and hardness but decreased the tensile strength and tear strength. However, LKD was better in processability than the commercial fillers. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the morphology of the rubbers filled with reinforcing fillers, such as silica and carbon black, was finer and more homogeneous compared to the those of the rubbers filled with LKD and commercial CaCO 3 . The dispersion of LKD and commercial CaCO 3 fillers in the rubber matrix was discontinuous, which in turn, generated a weak structure compared with the reinforcing fillers. According to these observations, LKD could be used as a cheaper filler for NR materials where improved mechanical properties are not critical.

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“…Currently, mineral fillers are added to polymers in commercial production of low cost and improvement in stiffness [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Furthermore, among several fillers like carbon black and synthetic silica, mineral fillers can also reduce pollution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of micro sized marble sludge on physical properties of natural rubber composites

Ahmed

Nizami

Raza

2013

CI&CEQ

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Marble waste as sludge is collected from Marble industry, as a way of solving the environmental problem of industrial waste. The sludge was dried, ground and passed through desire sieves (10, 15, 20, 37 and 75 μm), This powder was characterized by the X-ray fluorescence technique and then incorporated in the formulation of NR composites with different loading of micro sized MS particles (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 parts per hundred of rubber, phr). The cure characteristics, mechanical properties and swelling properties of MS/NR composites were evaluated. Results indicate that minimum torque, maximum torque, tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, hardness, crosslink density were increased while the scorch time, cure time, cure rate, cure rate index (CRI), elongation at break, compression set, rebound resilience, abrasion loss, swelling coefficient, average molecular weight and filler-rubber interaction decrease with increasing MS loading

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Organomodified kaolin as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber

Cited by 61 publications

References 68 publications

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of kaolin modified polyester

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of kaolin modified polyester

Application of lime kiln dust as a filler in the natural rubber industry

Effect of micro sized marble sludge on physical properties of natural rubber composites

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