Organometric Parameters of the Placent Disorders with Preterm Maturing of the Chorionic Tree on the Background of Iron Deficiency Anemia of Gravidas in Gestation

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to establish the morphometric features of preterm maturing of chorionic tree on the background of iron deficiency anemia of gravidas, at two gestational periods of 29-32 and 33-36 weeks. Materials and methods. Total 100 placentas were examined. The study of the placenta at the organ level involved the determination of the basic organometric parameters, umbilical cord and free amniotic membranes, the evaluation of the attachment of the umbilical cord to the organ, the type of branching of the chorionic plate, descriptive characteristics of the maternal surface of the placenta with assessment of cotyledons. Placenta’s weight, thickness, maternal surface area and volume of each placenta were determined. The determination of gestational period is based on a combination of two principles: morphological stages of development of the chorionic tree of the placenta and clinical affiliation of the material (premature birth). The planning of the required number of observations in each study group was determined on the basis of calculations of a sufficient number for the specific statistical method used at a sensitivity level of 0.80 and a significance level of p = 0.05. Results and discussion. In observations of placental chorionic maturation disorders on the background of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women, the maternal surface of most placentas at 29-32 and 33-36 weeks of pregnancy was characterized by clear boundaries between cotyledons. There was a pronounced tendency to the formation of deep furrows between cotyledons, which was especially evident during gestation at 33-36 weeks. Macroscopically, there were foci of fibrin, single blood clots. Single calcinates had the appearance of clearly demarcated whitish-gray seals, the diameter of which ranged from 0.8 mm to 1.3 mm on average. In women with the physiological course of pregnancy and childbirth, clearly dysfunctional areas were macroscopically recorded in two observations (9.5%). During physiological pregnancy, the maternal surface of the placenta was characterized mainly by the presence of clear boundaries between cotyledons, often with the formation of deep furrows (19 observations – 90.5%). Macroscopic examination revealed single blood clots, areas of fibrin, single calcifications, in the form of clearly demarcated whitish-gray seals, the diameter of which ranged from 1.7 mm to 2.1 mm. The results and information obtained from the analytical review of the literature allow us to discuss a number of issues and make some generalizations about the features of the placenta with premature maturation of the chorionic tree on the background of iron deficiency anemia in two processed periods of 29-32 and 33-36 weeks. Conclusion. The placenta weight does not reach the level of physiological pregnancy under conditions of premature maturation of the chorionic tree on the background of comorbid iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women at 29-32 and 33-36 weeks of pregnancy. At 29-32 weeks of gestation, under conditions of premature maturation of the chorionic tree on the background of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women, the main organometric parameters of the placenta (thickness, area, volume) do not reach the level of physiological pregnancy. Premature maturation of the chorionic tree of the placenta may be the basis for chronic placental insufficiency