Organometallic Sodium Carbide for Heat Transfer Applications: A Thermal Lens Study

Swapna, M. S.

doi:10.1007/s10765-020-02675-y

Cited by 11 publications

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References 34 publications

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“…The acetylenic linkages of C and H at 608, 693, and 783 cm −1 in the sample clearly indicate the formation of sodium carbide. [ 13,18 ] The presence of carbon in the sample is evident from the –OCO– stretching vibration at 1353 cm −1 and HCO– bending vibrations at 1584 cm −1 . [ 19–21 ] The C≡C stretching bonds from the sodium carbide are visible at 1911 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C 2 2− ions in them are loosely packed, which results in a low crystal density of 1.6 g cm −3 . [ 12,13 ] Sodium carbide finds application in thermal engineering as heat transfer fluids, fast breeder reactors, photonics, as a precursor in the manufacture of acetylene, for the transport of carbon in liquid‐sodium‐cooled reactors, superconductors, and as corrosion‐resistant materials for the chemical industry. [ 7,9 ] The conventional synthesis of sodium carbides, such as reducing metal oxides from carbon, carbothermal reactions, and electrolysis, needs temperatures exceeding 800 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C 2 2À ions in them are loosely packed, which results in a low crystal density of 1.6 g cm À3 . [12,13] Sodium carbide finds application in thermal engineering as heat transfer fluids, fast breeder reactors, photonics, as a precursor in the manufacture of acetylene, for the transport of carbon in liquid-sodium-cooled…”

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Divulging the Potential of Sodium Carbide Thin Film for Semiconductor Applications

Swapna

Sankararaman

2023

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The advancement in semiconductor technology led to the development of novel materials with tailored properties. Besides the widely employed semiconductors like germanium, silicon, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, cadmium sulfide, and composites, recently, the potential of carbide semiconductors has been widely explored to cater for the needs of the electronic industry. [1,2] Semiconducting thin films are extensively used in modern technological applications like plasma screen displays, organic light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and sensors. [2,3] Among the compound semiconductors, carbide-based electronic materials, primarily silicon carbide, are emerging as promising materials for applications demanding high power, fast switching speed, high temperature, better radiation tolerance, and high efficiency. [4,5] The success story of silicon carbide in electronics also tempted researchers to investigate other carbides.Carbides consisting of nonmetallic carbon (C) and metallic/semimetallic elements with lower electronegativity have various industrial uses due to their valuable structural and physical characteristics. [6,7] Although carbides have been used as refractory materials for more than a century, the scientific community is currently very interested in this material due to its use in a variety of scientific and technological disciplines. Carbides have uses in electronics and photonics in addition to the more conventional ones based on their durability and refractoriness. [5,6,[8][9][10] Excellent melting point and high chemical stability are crucial characteristics that define carbides as a refractory material. Covalent and interstitial carbides are found to satisfy these requirements. [6,7,11] Even if intermediate and salt-like carbides do not meet one or both of these requirements, they have industrial uses.Alkali, alkali earth, and group III metals with carbon combine to generate ionic carbides, sometimes referred to as salt-like (saline) carbides having extremely high ionic and electronegativity characteristics. The carbides formed by sodium are-Na 2 C 2 , NaC, NaC 64 , and NaC 2 with carbon atoms in chains, networks, and solitary. [9,12] These carbides have a graphite-like structure with metal atoms sandwiched in between the various layers of carbon atoms. The common type of saline carbide is the sodium carbide (Na 2 C 2 ), also known as disodium acetylide, which is an inert, clear material with no color. However, it quickly decomposes in the presence of acids/water/carbon, forming aliphatic hydrocarbons, which appear black or gray. Each Na þ ion in sodium carbide is surrounded by six C À ions that are in close proximity to it and vice versa. The ideal anti-CaF 2 structure is distorted by the spiral arrangement of the C 2 2À array in the sodium carbide structure. As a result, Na 2 C 2 crystallizes in an anti-CaF 2 structure deformed with a CC distance of 120 pm. The C 2 2À ions in them are loosely packed, which results in a low crystal density of 1.6 g cm À3 . [12,13] Sodium carbide f...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divulging the Potential of Sodium Carbide Thin Film for Semiconductor Applications

Swapna

Sankararaman

2023

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…[6][7][8] Nanoparticles of carbon, metals, oxides, ceramics, alumina, and polymers are commonly dispersed in an appropriate base fluid to create the nanofluid. [6,9,10] Among the nanoparticles used in thermal energy management, carbon and its allotropic forms stand out as being particularly noteworthy due to the ease with which they can be obtained, the flexibility with which they can be synthesized, their capacity to both trap and dissipate heat, and their ability to do so. [1,[11][12][13][14][15] Carbon nanotubes, also known as CNTs, are a carbon allotrope type with exceptional thermal, electrical, corrosion-resistant, and mechanical capabilities.…”

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Solid‐Volume‐Fraction Retained Tailoring of Thermal Diffusivity of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanofluid: A Photothermal Investigation

Swapna

Korte

Sankararaman

2023

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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The role played by nanofluids in industrial growth is highly significant, as their enhanced thermophysical property helped in energy-efficient thermal system design and the development of electronic chips with a greater number of components. [1,2] Fluids with suspended nanoparticles in them are referred to as nanofluids and are regarded as the heat transfer fluids of the next generation. [3] The nanofluid technology relies on the solid phases that can be found in the nanoscale dimension as its fundamental building blocks. Research in the field of nanofluids was initially sparked by the capability to produce nanoparticles of varying sizes and shapes that possessed a high surfaceto-volume ratio. Because of the increased convection between the nanoparticles in the liquid medium, issues of clogging and sedimentation, which are common in conventional microparticle suspensions, are avoided. [4] This, in turn, results in improved thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and a high heat transfer coefficient. Nanofluids are a novel class of materials with exceptional stability and greater heat exchangeability, making them suitable for creating low-cost, lightweight, highly efficient heat transfer and thermal management systems that set them apart from other classes of materials. [4,5] The concentration of nanoparticles, temperature, pH, surfactants and the base fluid's viscosity is reported to significantly influence nanofluids' thermal diffusivity. [6][7][8] Nanoparticles of carbon, metals, oxides, ceramics, alumina, and polymers are commonly dispersed in an appropriate base fluid to create the nanofluid. [6,9,10] Among the nanoparticles used in thermal energy management, carbon and its allotropic forms stand out as being particularly noteworthy due to the ease with which they can be obtained, the flexibility with which they can be synthesized, their capacity to both trap and dissipate heat, and their ability to do so. [1,[11][12][13][14][15] Carbon nanotubes, also known as CNTs, are a carbon allotrope type with exceptional thermal, electrical, corrosion-resistant, and mechanical capabilities. [16][17][18][19] These features enable various forms of CNTs (single-walled (SW) and multiwalled (MW) CNTs) to be utilized in producing heat transfer fluids. Creating a stable CNT nanofluid suspension is one of the primary challenges that must be overcome when preparing nanofluid. The powerful van der Waals interaction and cohesive forces between the nanoparticles are to blame for the decrease in stability. The literature shows that a substantial amount of work has been done on CNT nanofluids.

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Concentration-Dependent Thermal Duality of Hafnium Carbide Nanofluid for Heat Transfer Applications: A Mode Mismatched Thermal Lens Study

et al. 2021

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Organometallic Sodium Carbide for Heat Transfer Applications: A Thermal Lens Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Divulging the Potential of Sodium Carbide Thin Film for Semiconductor Applications

Divulging the Potential of Sodium Carbide Thin Film for Semiconductor Applications

Solid‐Volume‐Fraction Retained Tailoring of Thermal Diffusivity of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanofluid: A Photothermal Investigation

Concentration-Dependent Thermal Duality of Hafnium Carbide Nanofluid for Heat Transfer Applications: A Mode Mismatched Thermal Lens Study

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