Organometallic Compounds in the Environment

Crompton, T. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9498-7_9

“…humuli on hop; gray molds on onions; rice blast; brown rust on beans; and coffee leaf rust. In addition, TPT compounds are used in certain antifouling paints on ships, mainly in combination with tributyltin [6]. The annual world production of triphenyltin compounds is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The half-life of TBT in sediments is estimated to be months to several years [14]. Both substances are considered to be rather persistent and accumulate in the sediment of aquatic systems and especially in organisms [6,10]. Their low solubility in water (1.2-8 mg/L [13]) and high K OC value (5,700 ml/g for TPT and 5,500 ml/g for TBT) suggest adsorption onto suspended particles and sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Triphenyltin and Tributyltin to the Freshwater Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum in a New Sediment Biotest

Duft¹,

Schulte‐Oehlmann²,

Tillmann³

et al. 2003

Environ Toxicol Chem

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The effects of two suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the xeno-androgens triphenyltin (TPT) and tributyltin (TBT), were investigated in a new whole-sediment biotest with the freshwater mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Artificial sediments were spiked with seven concentrations, ranging from 10 to 500 microg nominal TPT-Sn/kg dry weight and TBT-Sn/kg dry weight, respectively. We analyzed the responses of the test species after two, four, and eight weeks exposure. For both compounds, P. antipodarum exhibited a sharp decline in the number of embryos sheltered in its brood pouch in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in comparison to the control sediment. The number of new, still unshelled embryos turned out to be the most sensitive parameter. The lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) was equivalent to the lowest administered concentration (10 microg/kg of each test compound) for most parameters and thus no no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) could be established. The calculation of effect concentrations (EC10) resulted in even lower values for both substances (EC10 after eight weeks for unshelled embryos: 0.03 microg TPT-Sn/kg, EC10 after four weeks for unshelled embryos: 0.98 microg TBT-Sn/kg). Our results indicate that P. antipodarum is highly sensitive to both endocrine disruptors TPT and TBT at environmentally relevant concentrations.

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“…The organometallic compounds of main group elements (R n MX m ) are broad-spectrum biocidal agents whose toxic effect is manifested at the membrane level due to the lipophilic properties of their molecules [1]. Among them, organotins (R n SnX m ) are supposed to induce membrane associated oxidative stress in living organism through different mechanisms including the enhancement of the lipid peroxidation and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), H 2 O 2 , O −• 2 , HO • [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotins‐promoted peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids: A new antioxidative scavenger for promoters

Милаева

¹

,

Tyurin

²

,

Shpakovsky

³

et al. 2006

Heteroatom Chemistry

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“…Since the early 1960s, TPT compounds have been used as broad‐spectrum fungicides in agriculture, mainly as triphenyltinhydroxide (fentinhydroxide) and triphenyltinacetate in Brestan®, Brestanid® (Aventis Crop Science, Frankfurt/Main, Germany), and Du‐Ter® (BASF, Limburgerhof, Germany), to combat a range of fungal diseases in various crops, particularly potato blight ( Phytophthora infestans ), leaf spot ( Cercospora beticola, Ramularia beticola ), and powdery mildew ( Erysiphe betae ) on celery, peanuts, and sugar beet; Pseudoperonospora humuli on hop; gray molds on onions; rice blast; brown rust on beans; and coffee leaf rust. In addition, TPT compounds are used in certain antifouling paints on ships, mainly in combination with tributyltin [6]. The annual world production of triphenyltin compounds is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The half‐life of TBT in sediments is estimated to be months to several years [14]. Both substances are considered to be rather persistent and accumulate in the sediment of aquatic systems and especially in organisms [6,10]. Their low solubility in water (1.2–8 mg/L [13]) and high K OC value (5,700 ml/g for TPT and 5,500 ml/g for TBT) suggest adsorption onto suspended particles and sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of triphenyltin and tributyltin to the freshwater mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a new sediment biotest

Duft

¹

,

Schulte‐Oehlmann

²

,

Tillmann

³

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of two suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the xeno-androgens triphenyltin (TPT) and tributyltin (TBT), were investigated in a new whole-sediment biotest with the freshwater mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Artificial sediments were spiked with seven concentrations, ranging from 10 to 500 microg nominal TPT-Sn/kg dry weight and TBT-Sn/kg dry weight, respectively. We analyzed the responses of the test species after two, four, and eight weeks exposure. For both compounds, P. antipodarum exhibited a sharp decline in the number of embryos sheltered in its brood pouch in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in comparison to the control sediment. The number of new, still unshelled embryos turned out to be the most sensitive parameter. The lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) was equivalent to the lowest administered concentration (10 microg/kg of each test compound) for most parameters and thus no no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) could be established. The calculation of effect concentrations (EC10) resulted in even lower values for both substances (EC10 after eight weeks for unshelled embryos: 0.03 microg TPT-Sn/kg, EC10 after four weeks for unshelled embryos: 0.98 microg TBT-Sn/kg). Our results indicate that P. antipodarum is highly sensitive to both endocrine disruptors TPT and TBT at environmentally relevant concentrations.

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Organometallic Compounds in the Environment

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Toxicity of Triphenyltin and Tributyltin to the Freshwater Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum in a New Sediment Biotest

Toxicity of Triphenyltin and Tributyltin to the Freshwater Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum in a New Sediment Biotest

Organotins‐promoted peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids: A new antioxidative scavenger for promoters

Toxicity of triphenyltin and tributyltin to the freshwater mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a new sediment biotest

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