Organolead halide perovskites: Synthetic routes, structural features, and their potential in the development of photovoltaic

Ajibade, Peter A.; Adeloye, Adewale O.; Oluwalana, Abimbola E.; Thamae, Mamothibe

doi:10.1515/ntrev-2022-0547

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Next-generation PVs encompassing new semiconductor materials experience great interest in research and industry. − Besides cadmium telluride (CdTe), organic PV, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and gallium arsenide (GaAs), which are already partially commercialized, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising emerging thin film technologies . The reason for the popularity of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite semiconductor materials is their outstanding optoelectronic performance, including high absorption coefficients enabling thin film fabrication, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, and high defect tolerance as well as their bandgap tunability and the ease and potential of fabrication by solution-based deposition techniques . These properties enabled the development of PSCs with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 26.1%. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Thin Film Morphology Formation during Gas Quenching of Slot-Die Coated Perovskite Solar Modules

Geistert,

Ternes,

Ritzer

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Transferring record power conversion efficiency (PCE) >25% of spin coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from the laboratory scale to large-area photovoltaic modules requires significant advances in scalable fabrication techniques. In this work, we demonstrate the fundamental interrelation between drying dynamics of slot-die coated precursor solution thin films and the quality of resulting slot-die coated gas-quenched polycrystalline perovskite thin films. Well-defined drying conditions are established using a temperature-stabilized, movable table and a flow-controlled, oblique impinging slot nozzle purged with nitrogen. The accurately deposited solution thin film on the substrate is recorded by a tilted CCD camera, allowing for in situ monitoring of the perovskite thin film formation. With the tracking of crystallization dynamics during the drying process, we identify the critical process parameters needed for the design of optimal drying and gas quenching systems. In addition, defining different drying regimes, we derive practical slot jet adjustments preventing gas backflow and demonstrate large-area, homogeneous, and pinhole-free slot-die coated perovskite thin films that result in solar cells with PCEs of up to 18.6%. Our study reveals key interrelations of process parameters, e.g., the gas flow and drying velocity, and the exact crystallization position with the morphology formation of fabricated thin films, resulting in a homogeneous performance of corresponding 50 × 50 mm 2 solar minimodules (17.2%) with only minimal upscaling loss. In addition, we validate a previously developed model on the drying dynamics of perovskite thin films on small-area slot-die coated areas of ≥100 cm 2 . The study provides methodical guidelines for the design of future slot-die coating setups and establishes a step forward to a successful transfer of solution processes towards industrial-scale deposition systems beyond brute force optimization.

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