Organoids and regenerative hepatology

Jalan‐Sakrikar, Nidhi; Brevini, Teresa; Huebert, Robert C.; Sampaziotis, Fotios

doi:10.1002/hep.32583

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Recent advances in liver/cholangiocyte organoids have provided a promising solution to address these challenges. Organoids often have higher viability and efficiency in engraftment and proliferation in vivo [ 64 ]. Moreover, the delivery issues associated with HT may result from alternative strategies such as intrasplenic cell infusion and peritoneal delivery (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Diverse Cell Sources and Therapeutic Sites For Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell therapy in end-stage liver disease: replace and remodel

Chen

Wu³

et al. 2023

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Liver disease is prevalent worldwide. When it reaches the end stage, mortality rises to 50% or more. Although liver transplantation has emerged as the most efficient treatment for end-stage liver disease, its application has been limited by the scarcity of donor livers. The lack of acceptable donor organs implies that patients are at high risk while waiting for suitable livers. In this scenario, cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach. Most of the time, transplanted cells can replace host hepatocytes and remodel the hepatic microenvironment. For instance, hepatocytes derived from donor livers or stem cells colonize and proliferate in the liver, can replace host hepatocytes, and restore liver function. Other cellular therapy candidates, such as macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells, can remodel the hepatic microenvironment, thereby repairing the damaged liver. In recent years, cell therapy has transitioned from animal research to early human studies. In this review, we will discuss cell therapy in end-stage liver disease treatment, especially focusing on various cell types utilized for cell transplantation, and elucidate the processes involved. Furthermore, we will also summarize the practical obstacles of cell therapy and offer potential solutions.

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Section: Diverse Cell Sources and Therapeutic Sites For Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell therapy in end-stage liver disease: replace and remodel

Chen

Wu³

et al. 2023

Stem Cell Res Ther

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“…Matrigel) currently used in organoid culture in vitro , which pose risks for tumorigenesis and human immune reaction 142 . Further applications and limitations of liver or organoids in regenerative medicine could be found in recent reviews subordinated to this topic 4,143 …”

Section: Liver Bioengineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human liver organoids: From generation to applications

Afonso¹,

Marques²,

Mil³

et al. 2023

Hepatology

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In the last decade, research into human hepatology has been revolutionized by the development of mini human livers in a dish. These liver organoids are formed by self-organizing stem cells and resemble their native counterparts in cellular content, multicellular architecture, and functional features. Liver organoids can be derived from the liver tissue or pluripotent stem cells generated from a skin biopsy, blood cells, or renal epithelial cells present in urine. With the development of liver organoids, a large part of previous hurdles in modeling the human liver is likely to be solved, enabling possibilities to better model liver disease, improve (personalized) drug testing, and advance bioengineering options. In this review, we address strategies to generate and use organoids in human liver disease modeling, followed by a discussion of their potential application in drug development and therapeutics, as well as their strengths and limitations.

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“…Guanet et al formed a hepatocyte aggregate using iPSCs that were separated and cultured from Matrigel, and they generated organoids containing both hepatocytes and bile duct cells [ 120 ]. In other words, they cultured iPSCs in a medium containing BMP4 and FGF2 with inhibitors in the Wnt and PI3K pathways to induce endoderm differentiation and electric spheroids, and they were then recultured in a low-concentration Matrigel scaffold containing FGF10, OSM, and dexamethasone using a rotating ellipsoid [ 121 ].…”

Section: Advantages Of 3d Cultures In Studies On the Liver Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Research Trends in the Application of In Vitro Three-Dimensional Models of Liver Cells

2022

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The liver produces and stores various nutrients that are necessary for the body and serves as a chemical plant, metabolizing carbohydrates, fats, hormones, vitamins, and minerals. It is also a vital organ for detoxifying drugs and exogenous harmful substances. Culturing liver cells in vitro under three-dimensional (3D) conditions is considered a primary mechanism for liver tissue engineering. The 3D cell culture system is designed to allow cells to interact in an artificially created environment and has the advantage of mimicking the physiological characteristics of cells in vivo. This system facilitates contact between the cells and the extracellular matrix. Several technically different approaches have been proposed, including bioreactors, chips, and plate-based systems in fluid or static media composed of chemically diverse materials. Compared to conventional two-dimensional monolayer culture in vitro models, the ability to predict the function of the tissues, including the drug metabolism and chemical toxicity, has been enhanced by developing three-dimensional liver culture models. This review discussed the methodology of 3D cell cultures and summarized the advantages of an in vitro liver platform using 3D culture technology.

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Organoids and regenerative hepatology

Cited by 20 publications

References 122 publications

Cell therapy in end-stage liver disease: replace and remodel

Cell therapy in end-stage liver disease: replace and remodel

Human liver organoids: From generation to applications

Current Research Trends in the Application of In Vitro Three-Dimensional Models of Liver Cells

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