Organoid-on-a-chip and body-on-a-chip systems for drug screening and disease modeling

Evidence-based absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and its interplay with alternative toxicity methods

“…These models not only have the potential to provide information about human metabolites, leap-frogging the uncertainties of extrapolation from animal models, but, moreover, can provide information about individual differences in metabolism, test chronic dosing and allow the detection of individual differences in metabolism, entering the realm of personalized safety prediction (Skardal et al, 2016).…”

Towards engineering integrated cardiac organoids: beating recorded

“…While various microfabrication strategies allow us to engineer microscale tissue and organ units that possess shapes and architecture that mimic their in vivo counterparts (8)(9)(10), the ability to manipulate fluids at small scales leads to reproduction of the dynamic microenvironments indispensable for the functions of natural tissues and organs (1,4), both of which are otherwise not achievable using the conventional planar, static culture platforms. Of note, these individual microphysiological systems can be further linked together in such a way that the interconnected multi-unit platforms recapitulate the linkage of the various tissues and organs in their native arrangements, facilitating investigations of the intricate interactions among these different components in vitro (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

“…Originating from the concept of tissue engineering (2), yet with a distinct aim that is to construct models of human tissues and organs outside the body for improved biological, pharmaceutical, and environmental studies (3)(4)(5)(6) rather than repairing them in vivo, these microphysiological systems have further undergone significant developments with the inclusion of the microfabrication and microfluidics technologies that conveniently bring in the beneficial complexity (4,7). While various microfabrication strategies allow us to engineer microscale tissue and organ units that possess shapes and architecture that mimic their in vivo counterparts (8)(9)(10), the ability to manipulate fluids at small scales leads to reproduction of the dynamic microenvironments indispensable for the functions of natural tissues and organs (1,4), both of which are otherwise not achievable using the conventional planar, static culture platforms.…”

Interaction of Extracellular Vesicles with Si Surface Studied by Nanomechanical Microcantilever Sensors

“…The surface was selected as it is the most representative inorganic solid surface among the ones employed in biological applications, spanning from biosensors [14,15] to organoid-on-a-chip [16]. MC biosensors 2 of 11 were chosen for their ability to probe mass adsorption and interaction energetics at the solid-liquid interface of minute volumes of synthetic liposomes [17,18], comparable with standard EV formulations obtained from biological fluids or cell culture media, which are typically 100 µL solution volumes at few nM EV concentration (see for example [9]).…”