Organochlorines in breast milk from two cities in Ukraine.

Gladen, Beth C.; Monaghan, Susan C.; Lukyanova, Elena M.; Hulchiy, Olesya; Shkyryak-Nyzhnyk, Zoreslava A; Sericano, José L.; Little, Ruth E.

doi:10.1289/ehp.99107459

Cited by 62 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition to the two coplanar PCBs reported here, 18 additional PCB congeners have previously been measured in these same women (Gladen et al, 1999). Like the coplanar congeners, concentrations of these additional PCBs were within the range seen in other studies from Europe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS, AND COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN BREAST MILK FROM TWO CITIES IN UKRAINE

Gladen¹

1999

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Substantial environmental pollution has been alleged in Ukraine, but little information is available to allow an assessment of the possible impact on humans. To help remedy this lack of information, it was of interest to investigate whether certain polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), or coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were elevated in people from Ukraine. Samples of breast milk were obtained from 200 women from the cities of Kyiv and Dniprodzerzhinsk; Kyiv is the capital and Dniprodzerzhinsk is a highly industrialized city. The samples were combined into four pools by city and age, and analyzed for 7 PCDDs, 10 PCDFs, and 2 coplanar PCBs (126 and 169). The total of the measured PCDDs, expressed as toxic equivalent, ranged from 5.1 to 7.6 pg/g lipid; for PCDFs from 3.6 to 5.2, and for PCBs from 11 to 18 pg/g lipid. Results from the two cities were similar; older women had slightly higher concentrations than did younger women. Levels of these compounds seen in Ukraine were similar to or lower than those seen in other recent studies from European and Asian countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Individual samples from these women have been analyzed previously for organochlorine pesticides and certain PCB congeners (Gladen et al, 1999). Women were chosen at random except for age; approximately half were chosen to be under age 30 yr and half to be older.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS, AND COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN BREAST MILK FROM TWO CITIES IN UKRAINE

Gladen¹

1999

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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“…The highest values of oxychlordane in Europe are reported from Ukraine (16–22 ng/g fat) (Gladen et al 1999, 2003). Only very few countries reported ∑chlordanes, whereof the highest values, 10–60 ng/g fat, are reported from Russia (Polder et al 1998, 2008a; Tsydenova et al 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal trends of the Stockholm Convention POPs in mothers’ milk — a global review

Fång

Nyberg

Winnberg

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

105

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been of environmental and health concern for more than half a century and have their own intergovernmental regulation through the Stockholm Convention, from 2001. One major concern is the nursing child’s exposure to POPs, a concern that has led to a very large number of scientific studies on POPs in mothers’ milk. The present review is a report on the assessment on worldwide spatial distributions of POPs and of their temporal trends. The data presented herein is a compilation based on scientific publications between 1995 and 2011. It is evident that the concentrations in mothers’ milk depend on the use of pesticides and industrial chemicals defined as POPs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and “dioxins” are higher in the more industrialized areas, Europe and Northern America, whereas pesticides are higher in Africa and Asia and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are reported in higher concentrations in the USA. POPs are consequently distributed to women in all parts of the world and are thus delivered to the nursing child. The review points out several major problems in the reporting of data, which are crucial to enable high quality comparisons. Even though the data set is large, the comparability is hampered by differences in reporting. In conclusion, much more detailed instructions are needed for reporting POPs in mothers’ milk. Temporal trend data for POPs in mothers’ milk is scarce and is of interest when studying longer time series. The only two countries with long temporal trend studies are Japan and Sweden. In most cases, the trends show decreasing concentrations of POPs in mothers’ milk. However, hexabromocyclododecane is showing increasing temporal concentration trends in both Japan and Sweden.

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“…However, it is estimated that > 1 million tons of PCBs have been produced, and > 70% of the PCBs made are still in use (Davidson, ; Brouwer et al, ). Because of the high stability of PCBs, they persist in the environment and have been detected throughout the food chain (Gladen et al, ; Little et al, ). Of direct concern to public health is the reported accumulation of PCBs in human tissues, breast milk, and reproductive organs (Baker, ; Nicolopoulou‐Stamati and Pitsos, ).…”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on fetal and neonatal development: A review on the major concerns

Mallozzi¹,

Bordi²,

Garo³

et al. 2016

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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There is a widespread exposure of general population, including pregnant women and developing fetuses, to the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These chemicals have been reported to be present in urine, blood serum, breast milk, and amniotic fluid. Endocrine disruptions induced by environmental toxicants have placed a heavy burden on society, since environmental exposures during critical periods of development can permanently reprogram normal physiological responses, thereby increasing susceptibility to disease later in life-a process known as developmental reprogramming. During development, organogenesis and tissue differentiation occur through a continuous series of tightly-regulated and precisely-timed molecular, biochemical, and cellular events. Humans may encounter EDCs daily and during all stages of life, from conception and fetal development through adulthood and senescence. Nevertheless, prenatal and early postnatal windows are the most critical for proper development, due to rapid changes in system growth. Although there are still gaps in our knowledge, currently available data support the urgent need for health and environmental policies aimed at protecting the public and, in particular, the developing fetus and women of reproductive age. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:224-242, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Organochlorines in breast milk from two cities in Ukraine.

Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS, AND COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN BREAST MILK FROM TWO CITIES IN UKRAINE

POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS, AND COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN BREAST MILK FROM TWO CITIES IN UKRAINE

Spatial and temporal trends of the Stockholm Convention POPs in mothers’ milk — a global review

The effect of maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on fetal and neonatal development: A review on the major concerns

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