Organochlorine residues in fish from Lake Victoria, Kenya

Mitema, Eric S.; Gitau, FK

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1990.tb01156.x

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The highest mean pesticide residue concentration of 0.062 mg kg -1 of p,p~-DDT, found in a fat sample, was generally low. It was lower than a mean level of 0.15 mg kg-1 of p,pl_DDT found in fish from Lake Victoria (Mitema and Gitau, 1990). The mean residue concentration levels of sum-DDT (0.004 mg kg -1) and heptachlor (0.007 mg kg -1) were far below the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1982) action limits of 5.0 mg kg -1 and 0.03 mg kg -1, respectively.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Organochlorine pesticide and metal residues in a cichlid fish, Tilapia,Sarotherodon (=Tilapia) alcalicus grahami Boulenger from Lake Nakuru, Kenya

Kairu

1999

International Journal of Salt Lake Research

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Abstract. 29 specimens of a cichlid fish Sarotherodon (=Tilapia) alcalicus grahami were collected from Lake Nakuru between September and October 1990 and samples of liver, kidney, muscle, brain and fat were removed for analysis of organochlorine pesticide and metal residues. Fat was extracted and the concentration of three lindane (BHC/HCH) isomers (alpha, beta and gamma), aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor-epoxide, endrin, dieldrin, DDD, DDE and DDT was determined. Fish muscle samples were digested and the concentration of mercury, arsenic and cadmium was also determined.No residues of o,pl-DDD, p,pl-DDD, aldrin, endrin and dieldrin were detected. The highest residue concentration detected was 0.062 mg kg -1 of p,pl_DDT. The mean pesticide residue concentration levels were generally low. The [p,pl-DDT]/[p,pl-DDE] ratio of 1.22 indicated that the residues of the parent DDT compound exist in the Lake Nakuru ecosystem. There was a negative fish length: DDE concentration relationship. Similarly, there was a very weak negative relationship between arsenic concentration and length of fish. The concentrations of metal residues were considerably low. The median arsenic and cadmium concentrations were 0.03 mg kg -1 and < 0.1 mg kg -1, respectively. The concentrations of mercury, with a median level of < 0.01 mg kg -1 , were particulary low and did not approach a level that would give rise to public health concern. Metal and pesticide residue concentration in fish in 1970 and 1990 does not show a significant increase. From these results, Lake Nakuru is presently not exposed to heavy pesticide and metal contamination, but there is a gradual build-up of these residues in the biota.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Organochlorine pesticide and metal residues in a cichlid fish, Tilapia,Sarotherodon (=Tilapia) alcalicus grahami Boulenger from Lake Nakuru, Kenya

Kairu

1999

International Journal of Salt Lake Research

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“…They reported residues of lindane, aldrin, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in most of the samples, whereas endosulfan, dieldrin, p,p'-DDT and endrin were either present in low concentration or absent in most samples [29]. Study conducted on the Pesticide residues in Kenyan rivers and lakes have reported high level of α -HCH, β -HCH, lindane, endosulfan, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin and methoxychlor in soil and water from the sugar belt zone of lake Victoria basin [27,22] In comparison to studies carried out in other countries, Mwevura et al, (2002) reported few organochlorine pesticides residue at lower frequencies p, p'-DDT (25%); p,p'-DDE (37%) during dry season and high frequencies during wet season giving frequencies of p, p'-DDT (81%) p,p'-DDE (100%), dieidrin (100%) and γ-HCH (6%) in samples from the coast area of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The main sources of organochlorine pesticide residues in Lake Victoria region are farming and aerial sprays in public health vector control. DDT and aldrin was mainly used in aerial sprays to kill mosquitoes to manage malaria [27]. Dieldrin and aldrin have been used for a long time to control termite in construction industry [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediment from Rusinga Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya

Macharia¹,

Abongo²,

Wandiga³

et al. 2016

IOSR

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This study was carried out to investigate the organochlorine pesticide residue level in representative sites in Rusinga Island of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Sediment and water samples from five sites along the shores of Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria were collected and analysed for selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP) using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector and confirmed using GC/MS. The pesticides targeted were p,p'-DDT, γ-HCH, α-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, endrin, endrin, aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate, methoxychlor and endosulfan. The samples were collected seasonally between the months of September 2012 to May 2013. The residue levels of organochlorine pesticides in water samples during dry season ranged between BDL to 9.84±1.20µg/L. The levels in wet season ranged between below detection limit (BDL) to 15.53±0.20 µg/L. Organochlorine pesticide detected in sediment during dry season ranged between BDL to 32.91 ± 3.84. Wet season the levels ranged between below detection limit (BDL) to 24.84±2.65 µg/Kg. The present result shows that organochlorines pesticides are still detected in our environment which can negatively affect our environment. This study provides baseline data on the levels of OCP residues in sediment and water from Lake Victoria. This will inform policy makers on the quality of water of Lake Victoria Basin as well as supplement the country's studies as an obligation for all parties to the Stockholm Convention on POPs.

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“…Many of the pesticides that have been used extensively for long periods in Uganda are organochlorines (National Environment Action Plan, 1992). The pesticides DDT, the cyclodienes, and lindane were widely used in agriculture, as well as in mosquito and tsetse fly control programs from the 1940s to mid‐1960s (Wandiga, 2001; Mitema and Gitau, 1990; Sserunjogi, 1974). A previous study on OC concentrations in Uganda was conducted on 13 pilot lakes (Sserunjogi, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Residues in Fish and Water Samples from Lake Victoria, Uganda

et al. 2006

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Nile tilapia and Nile perch samples from Lake Victoria were analyzed for lindane (gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane), aldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene), alpha-endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3- benzo(e) dioxathiepin-3-oxide), dieldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4,5,8-dimethanonaphthalene), DDE (p,p'-1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene), and DDT (p,p'-1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane). No significant difference (alpha = 0.05) in the residue levels between fish types for lindane, alpha-endosulfan, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, and dieldrin was observed. The aldrin levels in Nile perch (Lates niloticus) were significantly higher than the levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). No difference was observed in the distribution of residues in the different parts of Nile tilapia, although a difference for p,p'-DDE was observed in the Nile perch. No significant difference was observed in the average fat content of the tissue of Nile perch and Nile tilapia; however, the distribution of fat was significantly different in the different parts of the fish, with the abdominal portion having the highest amount of fat. There was no correlation observed in this study between fat content and organochlorine concentration. Lower p,p'-DDT residues levels compared with the p,p'-DDE levels observed in this study indicate that DDT is no longer in use. The levels of organochlorine pesticide residues found in fish samples in this study were below the FAO, U.S. FDA, Australian, and German extraneous residue limits and maximum residue limits. The concentration of organochlorine residues in surface water within the Napoleon Gulf of Lake Victoria was below detection limit (0.1 microg L(-1)).

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Organochlorine residues in fish from Lake Victoria, Kenya

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Organochlorine pesticide and metal residues in a cichlid fish, Tilapia,Sarotherodon (=Tilapia) alcalicus grahami Boulenger from Lake Nakuru, Kenya

Organochlorine pesticide and metal residues in a cichlid fish, Tilapia,Sarotherodon (=Tilapia) alcalicus grahami Boulenger from Lake Nakuru, Kenya

Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediment from Rusinga Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya

Organochlorine Residues in Fish and Water Samples from Lake Victoria, Uganda

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