Organochlorine pesticides in the soils of Cardamom Hill Reserve (CHR), Kerala, India: Geo spatial distribution, ecological and human health risk assessment

Joseph, Laigi; Paulose, Sylas V.; Cyril, Neethu; Santhosh, Sanu K.; Varghese, Abin; Nelson, Anila B.; Kunjankutty, Smitha V.; Kasu, Sreedharan

doi:10.1016/j.enceco.2020.01.001

Cited by 40 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In contrast, developed nations such as Europe or USA (3 kg/ha) or other Asian countries like China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan have more than 10 kg/ha consumption (Abhilash & Singh, 2009 ; De et al, 2014 ). Despite India's low per-hectare pesticide consumption, widespread pesticide contamination in food commodities (Arisekar et al, 2019 ; Bakore et al, 2004 ; Prakash et al, 2004 ; Samidurai et al, 2019 ; Sharma, 2021 ), soil (Agnihotri et al, 1996 ; Devi et al, 2015 ; Joseph et al, 2020 ; Singh et al, 2007 ), and water (Duttagupta et al, 2020 ; Kurakalva & Aradhi, 2020 ; Lari et al, 2014 ) have been identified. Between 2010 and 2015, pesticide use in India increased by around 50% (Bose et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Pesticide Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus an α/β-endosulfan ratio of 2.33 indicates recent use. Endosulfan isomers biologically and photochemically transformed into a more persistent compound called endosulfan sulfate (Joseph et al, 2020 ). An absence of endosulfan sulfate or relatively higher concentrations of α and β-endosulfan indicates recent input of endosulfan.…”

Section: Pesticides Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogeo-environment, including groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediment, is most susceptible to pesticide contamination among other environmental matrices. Elevated levels of pesticide residues have been observed globally and regionally in groundwater (Chaza et al, 2018 ; Duttagupta et al, 2020 ), surface water (Han & Currell, 2017 ; Nag et al, 2020 ), soil (Bhandari et al, 2020 ; Joseph et al, 2020 ) and sediments (Arisekar et al, 2019 ; Carazo-Rojas et al, 2018 ). Many pesticides, especially most of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and stay for a longer period in the environment (UNEP, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticides in the hydrogeo-environment: a review of contaminant prevalence, source and mobilisation in India

Rajan

Parween²,

Raju

2023

Environ Geochem Health

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Chemical pesticides in the hydrogeological system are a global concern as they pose a severe threat to humans and other organisms. In agriculture, around 4.12 million tonnes of pesticides were used globally in 2018, which is 50% more than in the 1990s. Various pesticides detected in the hydrogeological system of India since the 1990s have been documented and reviewed to understand the prevalence, source, history and degradation pathways. This review contributes to a better understanding of existing pesticide pollution and the state of hydrogeological resource deterioration. Small to excess levels of pesticide residues were detected in groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediments. Pesticides that were most commonly and predominantly found in the hydrogeological system were HCHs, DDTs, endosulfan, heptachlor, drins (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin), chlordane etc. β and γ-HCH isomers among HCHs, whereas p,p ′-DDT and p,p ′ - DDE among the DDTs were detected most prevalently. In many regions, pesticide residue levels in water have exceeded the maximum residue limits of WHO and BIS, while those in soils and sediments have exceeded the threshold effect level and probable effect level. Higher pesticide residues were detected in the water resources of rural agricultural areas compared to peri-urban or urban areas. A positive correlation of pesticide residues between water resources and soil has been observed in some regions, suggesting a similar contamination source. Diagnostic ratios of pesticides reveal their source, history and degradation pathways. Diagnostic ratios observed in various studies conducted in India suggest historical as well as recent use of banned pesticides. Strengthening current policies and regulations, monitoring pesticide use, changes in pesticide application practices, awareness among farmers, and the use of prominent removal techniques are necessary to tackle pesticide contamination in India.

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Section: Pesticide Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pesticides Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticides in the hydrogeo-environment: a review of contaminant prevalence, source and mobilisation in India

Rajan

Parween²,

Raju

2023

Environ Geochem Health

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“…Gas chromatography combined to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or Electron Capture Detector (ECD), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are the most commonly used techniques for the determination of trace organic contaminants in soil and environmental matrices (Pose-Juan et al 2014;Karasali et al2016;Joseph et al 2020). The latter allows detection of extremely low concentrations (ng/g or lower) in various complex solid matrices, especially when it is used with the specific multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-assisted QuEChERS-based extraction using EDTA for determination of currently-used pesticides at trace levels in soil

Lafay

Danièle

Fieu

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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It is essential to monitor pesticides in soils as their presence at trace levels and their bioavailability can induce adverse effects on soil's ecosystems, animals, and human health. In this study, we developed an analytical method for the quantification of traces of multi-class pesticides in soil using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In this way, 31 pesticides were selected, including 12 herbicides, 9 insecticides, and 10 fungicides.Two extraction techniques were first evaluated namely: the pressurized liquid extraction and the QuEChERS procedure. The latest one was finally selected and optimized, allowing extraction recoveries of 55 to 118 %. The addition of the chelating agent EDTA, which binds preferentially to soil cations that complex some pesticides, facilitates their extraction. Coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the procedure displayed very high sensitivity, with limits of quantification (LOQ) in the range 0.01-5.5 ng/g. A good linearity (R² >0.992) was observed over two orders of magnitude (LOQ-100×LOQ) with good accuracy (80% -120 %) for all compounds except the two pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin and tau-fluvalinate (accuracy comprised between 50 and 175%) and the cyclohexanedione cycloxydim (accuracy<35%). Good repeatability and reproducibility were also achieved. The method was finally successfully applied to 12 soil samples collected from 3 land-use types. Among the 31-targeted pesticides, 24 were detected at least once, with concentration levels varying from LOQ to 722 ng/g. Many values were below 0.5 ng/g, indicating that the developed method could provide new knowledge on the extremely low residual contents of some pesticides.

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“…Our results also observed that banned insecticides such as endosulfan and phorate were also applied. The use of banned pesticides in agriculture was also reported in Ethiopia (Haylamicheal and Dalvie, 2009) and India (Devi et al, 2011;Joseph et al, 2020). The average pesticide use for vegetables was 2.9 kg a.i./ha, however it depended on the types of vegetables and pesticides (Chapter 2).…”

Section: Pesticide Use On Vegetable Crops and Safety Behaviour Of Far...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Pesticide use in Nepal : The assessment of residues and risk

Bhandari¹

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Organochlorine pesticides in the soils of Cardamom Hill Reserve (CHR), Kerala, India: Geo spatial distribution, ecological and human health risk assessment

Cited by 40 publications

References 63 publications

Pesticides in the hydrogeo-environment: a review of contaminant prevalence, source and mobilisation in India

Pesticides in the hydrogeo-environment: a review of contaminant prevalence, source and mobilisation in India

Ultrasound-assisted QuEChERS-based extraction using EDTA for determination of currently-used pesticides at trace levels in soil

Pesticide use in Nepal : The assessment of residues and risk

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