Organochlorine Pesticides in Infant Milk Formulas Marketed in the South of Mexico City

Abstract

The nature of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and their physical-chemical properties exert immediate action of control on live systems, which has justified their use in agricultural practices. Their long life makes them a persistent ecological aggressor and biomagnifier. They reach foods by biotic and abiotic means, and are absorbed and accumulate in adipose tissue. In lactation processes, they are excreted in milk through the mobilization of fats. Diverse studies have identified them as neurotoxic, affecting reproductive processes, altering the immunological response and act as endocrine disruptors. An analysis was made of the content of organochlorine pesticides in twenty-one samples of infant milk formulas marketed in the south of Mexico City in 2010. The determinations were made following the protocols of the International Dairy Federation, by means of gas chromatography with electron capture detector, and the majority presence was found of α-HCH (100%), β-HCH (95.2%), γ-HCH (90.5%), aldrin (85.7%), heptachlor (80.9%) and heptachlor epoxide (80.9%) with mean values of 0.24, 0.13, 0.32, 0.62, 0.92 and 0.18 μg/kg of fat, respectively; all below the limits permitted by the Codex Alimentarius. With null or lower recurrence and in lower quantities, the family of DDT, endrin, endrin aldehyde and the endosulphanes were quantified.

Organochlorine pesticides residues in commercial milk: a systematic review

“…The most frequent residues found in milk samples from the four studies analyzed were HCH and heptachlor isomers, followed by Aldrin present in milk samples from three studies. The results show that the amount of organochlorine residues in the milk samples is below the recommended maximum limit (Gutierrez et al, 2012;Gutierrez et al, 2013;Tolentino et al, 2014). Only the study performed in the central region of Mexico found values above the MRL for Δ-HCH, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide in goat milk samples.…”

“…In general, the values found in bovine milk from organic farm were lower than the limit allowed by the Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO, 2014). Tolentino et al (2014) evaluated milk with its own formulation for children, marketed in southern Mexico. All samples analyzed showed α-HCH contamination and more than 80% presented β-HCH, γ-HCH, aldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, as mean values of 0.24; 0.13; 0.32; 0.62; 0.92 and 0.18 μg kg -1 , respectively, however, all samples presented levels below the allowed limits.…”

Presence of Pesticides in Milk and Infant Formulas Produced in Pegah Dairy Plants, Iran

“…Tolentino et al [4] evaluated the content of in 21 samples of infant milk formulas marketed in the south of Mexico City (2010). The result showed the majority presence was found 100% for α-HCH, 95.2% for β-HCH, 90.5% for γ-HCH, aldrin (85.7%), heptachlor (80.9%) and heptachlor epoxide (80.9%) with mean amount of 0.24, 0.13, 0.32, 0.62, 0.92 and 0.18 μg/kg of fat, respectively; all samples are below the levels permitted by the CA.…”

Métodos Cromatográficos Para La Determinación De Endosulfán en Alimentos

“…En la mayoría de los análisis por GC-ECD, las condiciones de trabajo del inyector van de 220-260ºC en modo splitless, rampas de temperatura en el horno de la columna alrededor de 90±10ºC hasta un máximo de 300ºC y para el detector de 310±10ºC. Este método se ha empleado para analizarlo en diversas matrices como frutas, verduras, lácteos y aceites, con %R que van de 74.6 a 99% (Galindo et al 1999, Calderón et al 2001, Campoy et al 2001, Díaz-González et al 2005, Lorenzatti et al 2006, Nag et al 2007, Prado et al 2007, Fernández-Bringas et al 2008, CastillaPinedo et al 2010, Hernández et al 2010, Pinzón et al 2011), con límites de detección de hasta 0.0001 mg/L y de cuantificación de 0.01 mg/L (Tolentino et al 2014).…”