Organochlorine pesticides and parasites in Mugil incilis collected in Cartagena Bay, Colombia

Abstract

Nematode parasites of the Anisakides family are often found in people living in countries where fish is consumed raw or partially cooked. This research shows the histological changes in the liver and spleen of Mugil incilis, collected in Cartagena Bay. These changes are associated with pollution by organochlorine pesticides and their possible influence on the parasite. Organochlorine compounds were extracted using the headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique. Residual amounts in the muscle of M. incilis such as β-HCH, γ-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, endosulfan, 4,4'-DDE, and dieldrin, among others, were identified by gas chromatography connected to an electron capture detector, indicating that the fauna of Cartagena Bay are exposed to these pollutants. Histological analysis was carried out on liver and spleen samples of M. incilis which were fixed, processed, and embedded in paraffin. The presence of melano-macrophages, granulomes, and trematodes in the liver was the most important changes observed. Larval prevalence for the Anisakis spp. was determined to be 1.6%; for Pseudoterranova spp., 25.3%, and for Contracaecum spp., 57.8%. Other parasites such as acanthocephalans were also reported for a total of 15.3%. Nevertheless, no significant correlation between parasites and organochlorines was found. This study is the first to correlate the presence of organochlorine compounds and histological damage in the liver and spleen of M. incilis, with the presence of parasites in fish from Cartagena Bay (Colombia).

Nematode parasites in the striped mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) in the southern Gulf of California

“…The nematode identified taxonomically in this work was Contracaecum multipapillatum, which belongs to the Anisakidae family, whose larvae are capable of infesting the human digestive tract after accidental ingestion, producing the disease known as anisakidosis (Audicana et al, 2002;Gómez et al, 2006;Barros et al, 2008;Jaramillo-Colorado et al, 2015). Nematodes do not become adults in humans, but their antigens can be recognized by the immune system, in addition to provoking allergic reactions (Salazar-Bermúdez et al, 2012); the fact that worms have also been found in muscle (fillet or fish market) implies a risk to human health if consumed raw, undercooked, "ceviche brine".…”

De novo assembly and characterization of the liver transcriptome of Mugil incilis (lisa) using next generation sequencing

“…The field study did not involve endangered or protected species, and it was granted with permission to access genetic resources from the Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development from Colombia (Contract No. 148; 09- [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Conducted experiments were carried out in accordance with the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals (https ://www.cioms .ch/frame 1985t extso fguid eline s.html).…”

“…Some studies with native species of this ecosystem, such as M. incilis (lisa), have shown anthropic contamination by chemical substances, both organic and inorganic, and biological stressors, such as parasites. Heavy metals, such as mercury, have been detected in this species 13,25 , as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HAPs) and perfluorinated octyl sulphonates (PFOS) in bile 14,23 , and organochlorine pesticides in muscle (β-HCH, Aldrin, 4, 4′-DDE and endosulfan 16 . This species has also been found parasitized with nematodes of the Anisakidae family, in particular Contracaecum sp., as well as with Heterophydae trematodes, specifically Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa in hepatic tissue 21,26,27 .…”

De novo assembly and characterization of the liver transcriptome of Mugil incilis (lisa) using next generation sequencing

“…Some studies with native species of this ecosystem, such as M. incilis (Lisa), have shown anthropic contamination by chemical substances, both organic and inorganic, and biological stressors, such as parasites. Heavy metals, such as mercury, have been detected in this species [13,25], as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HAPs) and perfluorinated octyl sulphonates (PFOS) in bile [14,23], and organochlorine pesticides in muscle (β-HCH, Aldrin, 4, 4'-DDE and endosulfan [16]. This species has also been found parasitized with nematodes of the Anisakidae family, in particular Contracaecum sp., as well as with Heterophydae trematodes, specifically Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa in hepatic tissue [21,26,27].…”