Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Tana and Sabaki Rivers in Kenya

Lalah, Joseph O.; Yugi, P. O.; Jumba, Isaac O; Wandiga, Shem O.

doi:10.1007/s00128-003-0164-4

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Mean concentration of p,pЈ-DDE in muscle fillets of tilapia (weighing 633Ϯ208 g) from Lake Malawi, an East African rift valley lake, taken in 1996-97 were 0.46Ϯ0.28 ppb (nϭ6) (Kidd et al, 2001). Concentrations in fish sampled in our study appear equivalent to or lower than most other reports from the region (Mitema and Gitau, 1990;Lalah et al, 2003). However, comparisons are difficult because of variations in sampling technique, including species, size of fish, tissue sampled, analytical method, and, importantly, time when sampling occurred in relation to possible pesticide use.…”

Section: Persistent Organic Pollutantssupporting

confidence: 48%

“…This is thought to be due to high rates of volatilization (Yeadon and Perfect, 1981) due to persistently high temperatures and solar radiation intensity. Heptochlor and lindane have been shown to degrade rapidly in tropical environments (Lalah et al, 2003). Hartley and Douthwaite (1994) made the comparison between the 10-20 yr needed for recovery of some raptor populations in England to occur after a decline in organochlorine use to concentrations in songbirds at Siabuwe, Zimbabwe, which decreased quickly in the year after cessation of spraying operations.…”

Section: Persistent Organic Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury and Persistent Organic Pollutant Concentrations in African Fish Eagles, Marabou Storks, and Nile Tilapia in Uganda

Hollamby

Afema-Azikuru²,

Sikarskie

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate persistent organic pollutant (POP) and mercury concentrations in tissues of African fish eagles (Haliaeetus vocifer) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Victoria near Entebbe and Lake Mburo, Uganda. Marabou stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus) nestlings from urban Kampala (40 km from Entebbe) also were sampled for POPs and mercury. Total mercury was measured in the breast feathers of eight nestling and 10 adult African fish eagles from Lake Mburo, 10 nestling and five adult African fish eagles from Lake Victoria near Entebbe, and 20 nestling marabou storks from Kampala from June 2002 through January 2003. Mercury concentrations in all samples were below levels associated with adverse effects in similar species. Mercury concentrations were significantly higher in eagle adults and nestlings from Entebbe than in adults and nestlings from Lake Mburo (PՅ0.05). No significant differences (PՆ0.05) were found in mercury concentrations between sexes or between the entire fish eagle population sampled at Entebbe and marabou stork nestlings sampled at nearby Kampala. Plasma samples from the same birds were analyzed for 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane, aldrin, hexachlorocyclohexane (␣-HCH), dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and their metabolites, as well as total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Nile tilapia whole-body cross sections collected from Lake Mburo (nϭ3) and Lake Victoria near Entebbe (nϭ8) also were analyzed for these POPs and mercury. No samples contained POPs or PCBs at the limits of detection except for 4,4Ј-1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene in five adult eagle plasma samples (0.0026Ϯ0.0015 ppm wet weight) and five Nile tilapia samples (0.002Ϯ0.001 ppm wet weight) from Entebbe.

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Section: Persistent Organic Pollutantssupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Persistent Organic Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury and Persistent Organic Pollutant Concentrations in African Fish Eagles, Marabou Storks, and Nile Tilapia in Uganda

Hollamby

Afema-Azikuru²,

Sikarskie

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…The HCH levels were lower than those reported in fish samples from Tana and Sabaki Rivers in Kenya (Lalah et al, 2003) and the Lagos Lagoon in Nigeria (Adeyemi et al, 2008). In Ghana, Darko et al (2008) reported HCH residues ranging from 700 to 1360 pg g −1 lw in fish (Tilapia zilli) from Lake…”

Section: Levels Of Hexachlorocyclohexanes In Sediments and Fishmentioning

confidence: 61%

Polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorocyclohexanes in sediments and fish species from the Napoleon Gulf of Lake Victoria, Uganda

Ssebugere

Sillanpää

Kiremire

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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• High concentrations of PCBs were found at locations near Jinja Municipality.• The PCB and HCH levels were low to moderate compared to other locations worldwide.• The fish from the Napoleon Gulf was fit for consumption in regard to PCBs and HCHs.• The ratios of α-/γ-HCH were low suggesting past input of lindane. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were analyzed in surface sediments (b30 cm depth) and two fish species: Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The samples were collected from the Napoleon Gulf on the northern shore of Lake Victoria. The analysis was done using a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer for PCBs and a GC equipped with an electron capture detector for HCHs. Total (Σ) PCBs in the muscles of fish varied widely with mean values ranging from 41 to 670 pg g −1 lipid weight (lw). The PCB levels in L. niloticus were significantly greater than those in O. niloticus. The large variability observed in the data was attributed to differences in feeding habits and trophic levels. While O. niloticus is a filter-eating fish species feeding mainly on phytoplankton and zooplankton, L. niloticus have predatory feeding behaviors and prefer a diet of live fish and, therefore, are more prone to bioaccumulate contaminants. The mean PCB concentrations in the sediments varied from 362 to 848 pg g −1 dry weight. Variations in PCB levels were observed from one study site to another, this was attributed to the nature and particle size of the sediments. HCH isomers were detected in fish at mean concentrations of up to 45,900 pg g −1 lw. The PCB and HCH concentrations were lower than those from previous studies elsewhere in literature and were below the maximum residue limits set by the European Commission and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, implying that the fish was fit for human consumption.

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“…The ΣHCH concentration in river Ganga during 1991-1992(Agnihotri et al 1994) was comparable to the levels found in the present study. However, when compared with that of world rivers the mean concentration of ΣHCH in Yamuna River was still high as compared with that of river Liaohe in China during 1998 (Zhang et al 2000), Yongding River in China during 2000 (Wang et al 2003) and Tana River in Kenya (Lalah et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pesticide residues in river Yamuna and its canals in Haryana and Delhi, India

Kaushik

Sharma

Jain

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Yamuna, a prominent river of India covers an extensive area of 345,843 km(2) from Yamunotri glacier through six Indian states. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) namely, isomers of HCH and endosulfan, DDT and its metabolites, aldrin, dieldrin, were analysed in water of river Yamuna along its 346 km stretch passing through Haryana-Delhi-Haryana and the canals originating from it. beta-HCH, p.p'-DDT, p.p'-DDE and p.p'-DDD had maximum traceability in test samples (95-100%) followed by gamma-HCH, alpha-HCH and o.p'-DDD (60-84%) and o.p'-DDT, delta-HCH and o.p'-DDE (7-30%) while aldrin, dieldrin, alpha and beta endosulfan remained below detection limits (BDL). The concentration of SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT at different sites of the river ranged between 12.76-593.49 ng/l (with a mean of 310.25 ng/l) and 66.17-722.94 ng/l (with a mean of 387.9 ng/l), respectively. In canals the values were found between 12.38-571.98 ng/l and 109.12-1572.22 ng/l for SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT, respectively. Water of Gurgaon canal and Western Yamuna canal contained maximum and minimum concentration, respectively both of SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT residues. Sources of these pesticides and suggested measures to check pesticide pollution of this major Indian river, keeping in view its vital link with life, are discussed in this paper.

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Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Tana and Sabaki Rivers in Kenya

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Mercury and Persistent Organic Pollutant Concentrations in African Fish Eagles, Marabou Storks, and Nile Tilapia in Uganda

Mercury and Persistent Organic Pollutant Concentrations in African Fish Eagles, Marabou Storks, and Nile Tilapia in Uganda

Polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorocyclohexanes in sediments and fish species from the Napoleon Gulf of Lake Victoria, Uganda

Pesticide residues in river Yamuna and its canals in Haryana and Delhi, India

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