Organochlorine pesticide residues in sediments and biota from the coastal area of Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania

Mwevura, Haji; Othman, Othman C.; Mhehe, George L.

doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00331-9

Cited by 83 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since HCBs can be carried by air over long distances, the sources could be other contaminated areas, away from Morogoro urban and peri-urban areas. In the current study, γ-HCH was the only isomer that was detected (Mwevura et al 2002;Erdogrul et al 2005). The ratio of p,p′-DDT to ∑DDTs in O. urolepis was 0.4 and in C. gariepinus was 0.3.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 46%

Heavy Metals and Organochlorine Residues in Water, Sediments, and Fish in Aquatic Ecosystems in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Tanzania

Mdegela

Braathen

Pereka

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Heavy metals and organochlorine residues were determined in water, sediment, fish muscle, and freshwater shrimps from aquatic environments in urban and peri-urban areas in Morogoro, Tanzania. Most of the water samples had heavy metal concentrations below WHO acceptable water quality guidelines. All sediment samples had comparable heavy metal concentrations that suggest natural rather than anthropogenic origin. Hexachlorobenzene, α-hexachlocychlohexane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlordane, cis-nonachlordane, pp′-DDE, op′-DDD, pp′-DDD, op′-DDT, and pp′-DDT in hairy river prawn (Macrobrachium rude), African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus), and Wami tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis) were detected at significant concentrations above the methods' detection limits. The ratio of pp′-DDT to ∑DDTs was 0.4 in O. urolepis and 0.3 in C. gariepinus, which indicated previous rather than current use of DDT. In M. rude, only pp′-DDE was detected and in O. urolepis and C. gariepinus there were higher levels of pp′-DDE than pp′-DDT, which demonstrate uptake of pp′-DDE, rather than pp′-DDT, from the environment. Bioaccumulation of organochlorines and mercury was the highest in C. gariepinus, cadmium in M. rude, and lead in both M. rude and O. urolepis. Maximum detected levels of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in M. rude, O. urolepis, and C. gariepinus were below the maximum permissible concentrations recommended by FAO/ WHO. It is concluded that, at present, the contribution of anthropogenic sources in pollution of aquatic environments in Morogoro urban and peri-urban areas are low and that the concentrations of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in water and fish do not indicate a risk to the consumers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 46%

Heavy Metals and Organochlorine Residues in Water, Sediments, and Fish in Aquatic Ecosystems in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Tanzania

Mdegela

Braathen

Pereka

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The presence of pesticide residues in C. gariepinus and T. zilli obtained from the Owan River is an evidence of bioconcentration (from water via gills and epithelial tissues) and bioaccumulation (through water and food, leading to biomagnification in different organisms) of pesticides from the surrounding environment (Murty 1986). The levels and occurrence of residues in fish samples is governed by feeding mode, age, and mobility of the biota; hence, higher concentrations of pesticide residues observed in C. gariepinus may be attributed to the feeding mode of the fish (Mwevura et al 2002). This is corroborated by Biego et al (2010) who related the habitation and feeding habit of C. gariepinus to an increased concentration of pesticide residues compared with other pelagic fish species.…”

Section: Concentration Of Pesticide In Biotamentioning

confidence: 82%

Risk assessment of agricultural pesticides in water, sediment, and fish from Owan River, Edo State, Nigeria

Ogbeide

Tongo

Ezemonye

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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The distribution of pesticides in water, sediments, Clarias gariepinus, and Tilapia zilli from the Owan River was investigated to evaluate the pollution status and potential hazard in the river system. A total of 16 pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD). The concentration of pesticide residues ranged from ND to 0.43 μg/l for water samples, 0.82 to 2.14 μg/kg/dw for sediment, 0.04 to 2.34 μg/kg/ww for C. gariepinus, and 0.02 to 1.73 μg/kg/ww for T. zilli. High concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, specifically benzenehexachloride (α-BHC, γ-BHC, and β-BHC) observed in all environmental media, are an indication of the current illegal use of banned pesticides for agricultural activities in the region. Analysis of data showed a strong correlation (r (2) = 0.7) between total organic carbon (TOC) and total pesticide residues in sediment samples. Meanwhile, risk quotient estimates for heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan aldehyde, and phosphomethylglycine showed potential risk to aquatic organism under observed mean concentrations (risk quotient (RQ) ≥ 1). Estimated average daily intake (EADI) for organochlorine pesticides (γ-BHC, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin) was above their respective acceptable average daily intake (ADI), while hazard quotient for each of these pesticides was above the unity value (1). This indicates that there is a potential cancer risk for the local residents with life time consumption of pesticide-contaminated fish.

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“…These chemical residues in vegetables are due to absorption of roots from the contaminated soil by plants and migration to edible parts (Karanth 2002). In the study of Mwevura et al (2002), organochlorine pesticide residues were investigated and found high levels in the edible biota in the coastal area of Tanzania.…”

Section: Specific Parameters For Analyzing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pesticides were reported to cause reproductive depression in aquatic biota in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Helle et al 1976;Machiwa 2000;Mwevura et al 2002).…”

Section: Magnum Cypermethrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Residues in Eggplant Fruits, Soil, and Water in the Largest Eggplant-Producing Area in the Philippines

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This study looked into the insecticide residues in eggplant, soil, and water samples in the largest eggplant-producing community in the Philippines as well as to analyze the fate of insecticides. The study area consisted of eggplant farms in a community in the largest eggplant producer in the Philippines. A total of 20 of the environmental samples were taken from the farms and analyzed using gas chromatography. The samples were distributed spatially over a mean distance of 451 m (s.d.= 20.2 m). For eggplant pesticide application, the mean spraying time of the farmers was 1.4 (sdv=0.53)h/ day, 4.13 (sdv = 1.9) days/week, 3.79 (sdv = 0.22) weeks/month, and 1 year/cropping season. Forty percent of the farm samples of eggplants had positive reading of insecticides cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos between 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg. There was no positive reading for the 20 water samples. There was only one positive reading of chlorpyrifos in one farm out of 20 soil samples at 0.03 mg/kg. Although Prevathon and Malathion were used by all the farms for eggplant pesticide application, the liter-years of exposure to pesticide was very low for both (0.06, 0.56). Although Brodan and Magnum were not prevalently used, they had the highest liter-years of exposure to pesticide at 4.73 for chlorpyrifos, and 6.09 for cypermethrin. The amount and duration of use of insecticide is important in the determination of its persistence in vegetables and in the environment. In this study, Brodan was the largest and longest used insecticide for eggplants which explains why there was reading for both cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in the eggplants, but none for Malathion and chlorantraniliprole. The presence of insecticide in water, soil, and plants is also based on its environmental fate. Pesticide regulation and pesticide residue monitoring have been pursued to varying degrees of success in the Philippines, but implementation is considered inadequate. The study also suggests for better implementation of pesticide regulation.

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Organochlorine pesticide residues in sediments and biota from the coastal area of Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania

Cited by 83 publications

References 5 publications

Heavy Metals and Organochlorine Residues in Water, Sediments, and Fish in Aquatic Ecosystems in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Tanzania

Heavy Metals and Organochlorine Residues in Water, Sediments, and Fish in Aquatic Ecosystems in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Tanzania

Risk assessment of agricultural pesticides in water, sediment, and fish from Owan River, Edo State, Nigeria

Insecticide Residues in Eggplant Fruits, Soil, and Water in the Largest Eggplant-Producing Area in the Philippines

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