Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Breast Milk from Tropical Areas in Mexico

Waliszewski, Stefan M.; Sedas, Violeta T. Pardio; Rivera, José María

doi:10.1007/s001289900150

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Dans la région où s'est déroulée l'étude, le niveau de transmission dans la zone témoin non pulvérisée (Bouwman et al, 1990;Waliszewski et al, 1996;Wolff et al, 1993) qui le font abandonner par un nombre croissant de pays (Curtis, 1994). …”

Section: Discussion Et Conclusionunclassified

Lutte contre le paludisme dans le moyen-ouest de Madagascar : comparaison de l'efficacité de la lambda-cyhalothrine et du DDT en, aspersions intra-domiciliaires. II - Étude parasitologique et clinique

Cot

Brutus

Goff³

et al. 2001

Parasite

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For malaria vector control in Madagascar, 10 WP (lambdacyhalolhrin 10 % wettable powder) was compared with DDT 75 % WP for house-spraying, from November 1997 to September 1998. This study was implemented at the fringe of the malaria epidemic zone, in villages on western slopes of the central highlands, outside the area covered for the past five years by routine DDT housespraying (OPID). Four types of treatment were compared in different areas: 1) DDT 2 g ai/m 2 and 2) lambda-cyhalothrin 30 mg ai/m 2 in previously unsprayed villages, 3) no intervention (control); 4) yearly DDT spraying (OPID fifth cycle). To investigate the malariological impact of spraying, cross-sectional surveys of the village populations were performed in each study area at intervals of two months, before and after spraying. In the newly sprayed areas, from December to June, malaria indices decreased by 62 % in the ICON ® area and 44 % in the DDT area, whereas in the unsprayed village malaria increased by 32 % during the same season. There was a similar decrease in the number of gametocyte carriers in the newly sprayed areas. Active malaria case detection among febrile individuals was performed fortnightly in each village outside the OPID area. Results showed decreased malaria incidence from February (two months post-spraying) in the sprayed villages, despite the rainy season, whereas in the unsprayed area the décline occurred only after the main transmission season. This study demonstrated that, parasitologically as well as entomologically, house-spraying with residual insecticide (DDT or ICON®| was an effective method for controlling malaria on the western fringes of the Madagascar highlands epidemic zone. Both products were effective, but ICON ® had slightly better impact than DDT, i.e. more reduction of malaria indices and of vector longevity, less irritancy of mosquitoes. For best results in this area of transition between stable and unstable malaria, we recommend earlier annual spraying (as soon as November) and extension of the OPID barrier towards western and northern slopes of the Plateau.KEY WORDS : malaria control, controlled trial, malaria attacks, house spraying, Madagascar, DDT, lambda-cyhalothrin. MOTS CLÉS pulvérisations). Des enquêtes transversales, cliniques et parasitologiques, ont été réalisées avant et après les aspersions à intervalles de deux mois sur l'ensemble de la population des villages centrant chacune des zones. Parallèlement aux résultats entomologiques qui ont montré un effondrement des densités agressives et des taux d'infection du principal vecteur, Anopheles funestus, les indices plasmodiques ont nettement diminué dans les deux zones pulvérisées par rapport à la zone témoin (diminutions de 62 % et 44 % respectivement six mois après les traitements par la lambda-cyhalothrine et le DDT, contre une augmentation de 32 % dans la zone témoin). Cette diminution des indices plasmodiques dans les zones traitées s'est accompagnée d'une diminution des indices gamétocytaires

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Section: Discussion Et Conclusionunclassified

Lutte contre le paludisme dans le moyen-ouest de Madagascar : comparaison de l'efficacité de la lambda-cyhalothrine et du DDT en, aspersions intra-domiciliaires. II - Étude parasitologique et clinique

Cot

Brutus

Goff³

et al. 2001

Parasite

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“…Since that time, overall average DDT levels in breast milk appear to have declined (45)(46)(47)(48). Despite this downward trend, regional data give cause for concern in those parts of Mexico where DDT continues to be used for malaria control.…”

Section: Mini-monograph • Solomon and Weissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical contaminants in breast milk: time trends and regional variability.

Solomon

Weiss

2002

Environ Health Perspect

275

140

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Research on environmentally related chemical contaminants in breast milk spans several decades and dozens of countries. The ability to use this research as an environmental indicator is limited because of a lack of consistent protocols. Data on xenobiotics in breast milk are influenced by choices in sample selection, sample pooling, analysis, and reporting. In addition, most studies have focused only on a small panel of persistent organic pollutants, despite indications that a wide range of additional chemical contaminants may also enter breast milk. Despite these limitations, however, it is possible to draw some generalizations. In this paper we review available data on levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), metals, and solvents in breast milk. Examples drawn from around the world illustrate the available data and the patterns that have appeared in various areas over time. Over the past few decades, levels of the organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins have declined in breast milk in countries where these chemicals have been banned or otherwise regulated. In contrast, the levels of PBDEs are rising. Regional differences in levels of xenobiotics in breast milk are related to historical and current local use patterns. Diet is a major factor that influences breast milk levels of persistent organic pollutants, with patterns in fish consumption playing a particularly significant role. Improved global breast milk monitoring programs would allow for more consistent data on trends over time, detection of new xenobiotics in breast milk, and identification of disproportionately exposed populations.

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“…Table 6 shows reported levels of DDT and its metabolites in human breast milk in studies performed in urban and rural Mexico (Albert, 1973;Waliszewski et al, 1996Waliszewski et al, , 1999Pardio et al, 1998;Torres -Arreola et al, 1999 ); the most recent study conducted in Mexico City showed notably decreased levels of both p,p H -DDT and p,p H -DDE (Torres -Arreola et al, 1999 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine pesticide exposure in rural and urban areas in Mexico

Elvia

Sioban

Bernardo

et al. 2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The objective of this study was to determine the level of organochlorine pesticides in maternal milk of women living in urban and rural areas in central Mexico. High levels of the DDT ( 1,1,1 -trichloro -2,2 -bis ( p -chlorophenyl ) ethane ) and metabolites, p,p H -DDT ( 1.83, 0.66 and 3.13 mg / kg ) and p,p H -DDE ( 2.49, 4.28 and 13.32 mg / kg ) , were encountered for Mexico City, Cuernavaca and rural Morelos, respectively. As was expected, the highest levels of exposure to these pesticides were found in the rural areas of the State of Morelos.

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Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Breast Milk from Tropical Areas in Mexico

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Lutte contre le paludisme dans le moyen-ouest de Madagascar : comparaison de l'efficacité de la lambda-cyhalothrine et du DDT en, aspersions intra-domiciliaires. II - Étude parasitologique et clinique

Lutte contre le paludisme dans le moyen-ouest de Madagascar : comparaison de l'efficacité de la lambda-cyhalothrine et du DDT en, aspersions intra-domiciliaires. II - Étude parasitologique et clinique

Chemical contaminants in breast milk: time trends and regional variability.

Organochlorine pesticide exposure in rural and urban areas in Mexico

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