Organochlorine Insecticides and PCB in Surficial Sediments (1968) and Sediment Cores (1976) from Lake Ontario

Frank, R.; Thomas, R. L.; Holdrinet, M.; Kemp, A. L. W.; Braun, H. E.

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(79)72123-x

Cited by 68 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such effects are likely to have a major role in the ecotoxicology of lipophilic contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem. For example, depositional areas in the offshore regions of the Great Lakes tend to be regions of relatively high concentrations of toxic contaminants (Frank et al 1979(Frank et al , 1980(Frank et al , 1981. Sediments in such systems are fine-grained and relatively rich in living and dead diatoms (Stoermer et al 1985).…”

Section: Planktonic and Benthic Herbivores May Avoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chlorinated benzenes on diatom fatty acid composition and quantitative morphology. IV. Pentachlorobenzene and comparison with trichlorobenzene isomers

Sicko-Goad

Evans

Lazinsky

et al. 1989

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cells of the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana were exposed in a closed system to 0.095 ppm pentachlorobenzene over a period of 5 days. Changes in fatty acid and morphological percent composition were monitored to determine the effect of the toxicant. The greatest morphological change observed was an increase in lipid volume. Most morphological changes occurred in the 1 hour and 5 day sampling periods. Few changes in morphological characteristics or fatty acid percent composition were observed at eight hours, when the cells were in the dark. The C18:1 and C20:5 fatty acids were most variable with exposure to pentachlorobenzene. Results suggest that at sublethal doses, lipophilic toxicants exert effects that are biphasic. That is, immediately measurable effects are observed in the cells that include increases in storage products and changes in membranous organelles. Long-term effects are postulated to be the result of mobilization of lipophilic toxicants that have partitioned into lipid stores and are more available when lipids are metabolized. Although pentachlorobenzene has a higher octanol/water partition coefficient, it appears to exert fewer cellular changes than any trichlorobenzene isomer.

show abstract

Section: Planktonic and Benthic Herbivores May Avoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chlorinated benzenes on diatom fatty acid composition and quantitative morphology. IV. Pentachlorobenzene and comparison with trichlorobenzene isomers

Sicko-Goad

Evans

Lazinsky

et al. 1989

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Where comparison has been possible, the focusing factor for one constituent at a given site is comparable to that of another provided they are particle-associated regardless of their other chemical characteristics. This situation is clearly shown (Figure 19) in maps of the distribution of sediment concentrations of various organic contaminants (60)(61)(62)(63) in which the primarily atmospherically derived materials (64) are eventually focused into depositional zones that represent only a fraction of the total lake bottom. This situation arises because particle-bound contaminants tend to associate with suites of particles having a range of geochemical characteristics but comparable hydrodynamic properties.…”

Section: Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Particulate Matter in the Movement of Contaminants in the Great Lakes

Eadie

Robbins

1987

Sources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Particle-contaminantinteractions and subsequent behavior of the particulate matter control the long-term concentration of many compounds in aquatic systems. Even in deep systems such as the Great Lakes, particle settling times from the water column are less than 1 year. After reaching the bottom, contaminant-laden particles are redistributed by episodic cycles of resuspension and redeposition, resulting in focusing, which is the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of contaminants in sediments. Bioturbation, coupled with focusing, provides source material to the resuspendible pool. The combination of these processes mediates both the composition and long-term behavior of contaminants in these lakes.IN THE GREAT LAKES, AS IN MANY AQUATIC SYSTEMS, the movement of particulate matter plays a crucial role in determining the levels and fate of most contaminants. Persistent hydrophobic contaminants have a strong affinity for particles. As a result, the process of sorption and settling into the sediments is generally a major removal mechanism. This mechanism is very important in large systems such as the Great Lakes, where hydraulic residence times are long (3-190 years), and particle residence times in the water column are generally much less than 1 year. Thus, contaminants with a high degree of affinity for settling particles can be very efficiently scavenged from the system. However, studies of the long-term behavior of certain fallout radionuclides and stable contaminants (J, 2) have shown that higher levels persist in the lakes than This chapter not subject to U.S.

show abstract

“…20 The presence of Aroclor 1254 in Mallards from this area is consistent with PCB mixtures identied as major contaminant in Lake Ontario. [21][22][23] Average congener distributions in the livers obtained by the present study are shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Pcb Contamination Of Great Lakes Mallardsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Field confirmation of modified pressurized solvent extraction vessels for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in blood samples from Great Lakes Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Haskins

Kelly

Weir

2013

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Miniaturized pressurized solvent extraction vessels were used to examine polychlorinated biphenyl congener (PCB) concentrations in 0.2 g sample sizes of whole blood, liver, heart and breast tissue sampled from twelve Great Lakes Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). This study successfully supported the blood extraction method, previously validated only using laboratory prepared blood samples, using field samples. In situ clean-up offered excellent sample throughput without degradation of GC-MS performance; using this method, extraction, instrument analysis and data interpretation for 100 samples could be accomplished within a one to two week time period. Results indicated contamination in the blood (∑PCB = 1.9-13 ng g(-1) ww), liver (∑PCB = 0.8-11 ng g(-1) ww), breast (∑PCB = <0.1-9 ng g(-1) ww) and heart tissue (∑PCB = <0.1-6 ng g(-1) ww). Quality control included the analysis of blank samples, NIST SRM 1589a and a duplicate of each sample type (blood or tissue). All blank samples were below the method detection limit, SRM values were within 70% of their certified values and duplicates were within 70% of each other. Correlations were examined for the suite of analysed congeners between blood and various tissues; within select individuals a strong and significant correlation was observed. TEQs were calculated and compared against known toxicity data for bird species. Based on the PCB levels found in this study, no adverse health effects are expected in the birds themselves. ∑PCB concentrations in the breast tissue were also compared against both the Canadian and American guidelines for the consumption of edible poultry and based on these values, the Mallards used in this research would be safe for human consumption.

show abstract

Organochlorine Insecticides and PCB in Surficial Sediments (1968) and Sediment Cores (1976) from Lake Ontario

Cited by 68 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of chlorinated benzenes on diatom fatty acid composition and quantitative morphology. IV. Pentachlorobenzene and comparison with trichlorobenzene isomers

Effects of chlorinated benzenes on diatom fatty acid composition and quantitative morphology. IV. Pentachlorobenzene and comparison with trichlorobenzene isomers

The Role of Particulate Matter in the Movement of Contaminants in the Great Lakes

Field confirmation of modified pressurized solvent extraction vessels for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in blood samples from Great Lakes Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About