Organochlorine contaminants in a terrestrial foodweb on the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada 1987?89

Hebert, Craig E.; Weseloh, D. V.; Kot, L.; Glooschenko, V.

doi:10.1007/bf00203563

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Many chlorinated pesticides are, however, still used in Central and South America (Barrie et al, 1992) where many migratory birds overwinter. There is also concern that waterfowl are exposed to organochlorine contaminants on the migratory staging areas and breeding grounds in Canada and the United States due to the widespread distribution and extreme persistence of some of the organochlorine residues, particularly PCBs and DDT and its metabolites (Smith et al, 1985;Blus et al, 1987;Foley and Batcheller, 1988;Elliott et al, 1994;Hebert et al, 1994b;Weseloh et al, 1994;Mullie et al, 1996;Bredin et al, 1997). Despite regulatory measures taken in the 1970s to reduce discharges of mercury and organochlorine compounds such as PCBs and DDT into the environment, organochlorine and metal contamination continued to be a problem in some areas (Jacknow et al, 1986;Braune et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Organochlorines and Mercury in Waterfowl Harvested in Canada

Braune

Malone²

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Samples of breast muscle from 32 species of waterfowl collected from 123 sites across Canada were analyzed for chlorobenzenes (CBz), chlordane-related compounds (CHL), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH), DDT, mirex, dieldrin, PCBs and mercury. SigmaDDT, SigmaCBz and SigmaPCB were the compounds most frequently found above trace levels. SigmaHCH and SigmaMirex were detected the least often. Mercury was detected in all of the mergansers, over 50% of dabbling, bay and sea ducks, and in less than 2% of the geese analysed. The highest levels of contaminants were generally found in birds feeding at higher trophic levels such as sea ducks and mergansers. With the exception of a few samples of mergansers and long-tailed ducks from eastern Canada, which contained SigmaPCB concentrations of 1.0-2.4 mg kg(-1), SigmaPCB levels were less than 1 mg kg(-1) wet weight. Only one merganser from eastern Canada had a SigmaDDT concentration (2.6 mg kg(-1) ww) which was greater than 1 mg kg(-1) ww. The highest SigmaCHL (0.10 mg kg(-1) ww) was also found in mergansers from eastern Canada. Levels of total mercury in breast muscle were either low (< 1 mg kg(-1) ww) or below detection limits with the exception of a few samples of mergansers from eastern Canada which contained mercury concentrations of 1.0-1.5 mg kg(-1) ww. Health Canada determined that the organochlorine and mercury levels found in samples of breast muscle of ducks and geese analysed in this study did not pose a health hazard to human consumers and therefore these waterfowl were safe to eat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Organochlorines and Mercury in Waterfowl Harvested in Canada

Braune

Malone²

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Doses were 6.0 ppm (low dose) and 60.0 ppm (high dose). The high dose was anticipated to affect reproduction [28], and the low dose was just below the no‐observed‐adverse effects level (NOAEL) for reproduction [29,30]. The control group was fed meatballs that were mixed only with corn oil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242) on thyroxine, estradiol, molt, and plumage characteristics in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Quinn

French

McNabb

et al. 2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of Aroclor 1242, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), on plumage characteristics and molt in the American kestrel, Falco sparverius. Several characteristics of plumage, including color and molt schedule, are modulated by hormonal signals and hence may be modified by endocrine-active contaminants. If so, the functions of plumage (e.g., communication for mating or territorial defense) may be compromised by exposure to such compounds. Captive American kestrels were fed Aroclor 1242 at 0, 6.0, and 60.0 ppm (n = 6 males and 6 females per treatment) mixed in their normal diet. Concentrations of plasma estradiol and thyroxine were measured weekly from the beginning of treatment. Measured plumage characteristics included width of the black subterminal band on the tail, color (a composite index of hue and saturation), reflectance from 230 to 800 nm. pattern of feather loss and regrowth on the tail and wing, and timing of onset and duration of molt. Aroclor 1242 depressed plasma thyroxine. Plasma estradiol levels remained low due to the phase of the breeding cycle. Treatments did not disrupt the measured plumage characteristics. This may be due to timing or dose of exposure or to genetic factors.

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“…The PCB dosing mixture consisted of Aroclor 1248:1254:1260 (1:1:1 by weight) dissolved in safflower oil at a concentration of 4.85 mg/g total PCB. Kestrels were exposed to a mixture of PCBs commonly found in bird tissues in the Great Lakes region (e.g., Braune and Norstrom 1989;Hebert et al 1994). A 100-l aliquot of the dosing mixture was injected intracranially into formerly frozen day-old cockerels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Ovo Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Reproductive Effects on Second-Generation American Kestrels

Fernie

Smits

Bortolotti

et al. 2001

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Abstract.The reproductive success of wild birds has been affected by exposure to multiple contaminants. Reproduction of captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) was suppressed when adult birds were exposed to dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, the reproductive effects of in ovo exposure to PCBs is explored, along with determining effects on reproduction in second-generation birds indirectly exposed to PCBs. Reproductive changes in this subsequent generation are examined separately in male and female birds. Captive American kestrels (F. sparverius) were hatched from clutches with eggs containing environmentally relevant levels of total PCBs (34.0 g/g whole egg WW versus 0 g/g controls); parent birds had been fed PCB-spiked (Aroclor 1248:1254:1260) food (7 mg/kg BW day Ϫ1) for 100 days until their eggs hatched. In 1999, the second-generation PCB birds were paired with unexposed kestrels having reproductive experience. In ovo PCB exposure suppressed egg laying completely in 25% of PCB females and resulted in delays in clutch initiation and smaller clutch sizes for PCB male and female pairs. There was no evidence in this study of in ovo PCB treatment effects on fertility or hatching success. The decline in reproductive success was also reflected in the reduced fledging success and higher incidence of complete brood mortality of PCB nestlings. Differences between in ovo-exposed PCB males and females but not between controls were evident in reproductive success. In ovo PCB exposure appears to have had greater effects on female kestrels until clutch completion, with a greater time lag between pairing and egg laying, reduced numbers of pairs laying eggs, and smaller clutches being laid. In ovo PCB exposure has greater effects later in the breeding season on male kestrels, which had poorer hatching and fledging success relative to the PCB females. Possible behavioral and physiological mechanisms involved in these reproductive changes are discussed.

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Organochlorine contaminants in a terrestrial foodweb on the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada 1987?89

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Organochlorines and Mercury in Waterfowl Harvested in Canada

Organochlorines and Mercury in Waterfowl Harvested in Canada

The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242) on thyroxine, estradiol, molt, and plumage characteristics in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius)

In Ovo Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Reproductive Effects on Second-Generation American Kestrels

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