Organocatalyzed coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates: catalyst design and mechanistic studies

Abstract

The coupling of carbon dioxide (CO2) with epoxides with the formation of cyclic carbonates is a highly attractive 100% atom economic reaction. It represents a greener and safer alternative to the conventional synthesis of cyclic carbonates from diols and toxic phosgene.

The Role of Water Revisited and Enhanced: A Sustainable Catalytic System for the Conversion of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates under Mild Conditions

“…In the 10-reactors block, each reactor has an automated closing valve that allows avoiding cross-contamination between reactors. The epoxide conversion, carbonate yield, and selectivity were determined by analyzing the reaction mixture by 1 HNMR spectroscopy on aV arian Oxford 300 MHz or aV arian Mercury 400 MHz. The temperature of the reactors was controlled by electrical heating cartridges connected to the aluminum blocks hosting the reactors.…”

“…[1][2][3] However, the fixation of CO 2 into chemical products is ac hallenging task owing to its hight hermodynamic stability. [1][2][3] However, the fixation of CO 2 into chemical products is ac hallenging task owing to its hight hermodynamic stability.…”

“…[5] Many highly active and selective metal-based catalysts containing Lewis acid sites have been reported, such as metal complexes [10] and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). [1,12] Several metal-free organic catalysts have also been investigated, such as ammonium halides, [1,[13][14][15] phosphonium halides, [3,16] and imidazolium-basedi onic liquids, [17][18][19] in which the halidesa re the catalytic speciesa cting as nucleophiles. [1,12] Several metal-free organic catalysts have also been investigated, such as ammonium halides, [1,[13][14][15] phosphonium halides, [3,16] and imidazolium-basedi onic liquids, [17][18][19] in which the halidesa re the catalytic speciesa cting as nucleophiles.…”

Hybrid Metalloporphyrin Magnetic Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Sequential Transformation of Alkenes and CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates

“…[1,2] In this context, conversion of carbon dioxide into valuableo rganic chemicals [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] has become at opicw ith increasing awareness,w ith remarkable economic and environmental impacts. [14][15][16][17] So far,g reat effort has been devoted to the development of efficient catalytic systemsf or this conversion, [10,18,19] such as organocatalysts, [20][21][22] ionic liquids, [23,24] and metal catalysts, [25,31] namely those based on metalloporphyrins. [14][15][16][17] So far,g reat effort has been devoted to the development of efficient catalytic systemsf or this conversion, [10,18,19] such as organocatalysts, [20][21][22] ionic liquids, [23,24] and metal catalysts, [25,31] namely those based on metalloporphyrins.…”

Unexpected Macrocyclic Multinuclear Zinc and Nickel Complexes that Function as Multitasking Catalysts for CO2 Fixations

“…[4] CO 2 is apromising C1 building block as an alternative to petroleum-based chemicals,a nd catalysts for CO 2 fixations have been developed extensively. [5] Forexample,synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO 2 [6] and N-functionalization of amines with CO 2 and hydrosilane [7,8] have been actively studied. Cyclic carbonates are raw materials of polycarbonates and polyurethanes,a nd N-functionalized amines are intermediates of various chemicals such as drugs.…”