Organobeidellites for Removal of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Diclofenac (DC) and ibuprofen (IBU) are widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the consumption of which has rapidly increased in recent years. The biodegradability of pharmaceuticals is negligible and their removal efficiency by wastewater treatment is very low. Therefore, the beidelitte (BEI) as unique nanomaterial was modified by the following different surfactants: cetylpyridinium (CP), benzalkonium (BA) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium (TD) bromides. Organobeidellites were tested as potential nanosorbents for analgesics. The organobeidellites were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and scanning microscopy (SEM). The equilibrium concentrations of analgesics in solution were determined using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The intercalation of surfactants into BEI structure was confirmed both using XRD analysis due to an increase in basal spacing from 1.53 to 2.01 nm for BEI_BA and IR by decreasing in the intensities of bands related to the adsorbed water. SEM proved successful in the uploading of surfactants by a rougher and eroded organobeidellite surface. TG/DTA evaluated the decrease in dehydration/dehydroxylation temperatures due to higher hydrophobicity. The Sorption experiments demonstrated a sufficient sorption ability for IBU (55–86%) and an excellent ability for DC (over 90%). The maximum adsorption capacity was found for BEI_BA-DC (49.02 mg·g−1). The adsorption according to surfactant type follows the order BEI_BA > BEI_TD > BEI_CP.

Valorization of Lemon Peel as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Basic Fuchsine and Eosin dyes from aqueous solutions

“…Batch tests were implemented using 50 ml of dye solution and the percentage of removal was studied with the change of several factors. The tests were executed at differing pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), different adsorbent doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2 g), different dye concentrations (35, 70, 100, 135, 170, 200, 235, 270, 300, 335 mg.l-1), particle sizes (0.1 and 0.2 mm), contact time (from 5 to 180 min) and different temperatures (298, 323 and 343 K) at 200 rpm.…”

“…Wastewater remediation plants seldom use sophisticated treatment with regard to their price. Adsorption is a rifer method due to its affordability, security, and opportunity for sorbent renovation [8]. The agricultural waste consists in particular of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are robust adsorbents for a wide miscellaneous of tarnish because of the presence of functional groups like hydroxylic and carboxylic phenols.…”