Organo-Chlorine Pesticide Residues in Okra and Brinjal Collected From Peri-Urban Areas of Big Cities of Punjabpakistan

Abstract

Exposure of organo-chlorine pesticides as a result of utilization of okra and brinjal to urban population has been estimated in this study. GC-ECD was used for quantification of α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate, HCH, Gamma HCH, DDT and DDE residues from 180 samples of okra and brinjal collected from peri-urban farming area of Faisalabad, Multan and Gujranwala. Quantification of pesticide residues revealed that 280 samples were contaminated and 23 samples showed residues value higher than MRL'S. Out of 280 contaminated samples, 50 samples were contaminated with α-endosulfan, 48 samples with β-endosulfan,49 with endosulfan sulphate, 27 samples with HCH, 33 samples with gamma HCH, 34 samples with DDT and 39 were contaminated with DDE. Overall, 7.33% samples of okra and 6.44% samples of brinjal contaminated with α-endosulfan exceeded EU MRL of 0.05 mg kg-1 , 8.67% samples of okra and 7.33% samples of brinjal had β-endosulfan residue level above MRL of 0.05 mg kg-1 and approximately, 8.67% samples of okra and 7.33% samples of brinjal had endosulfan sulphate residue level above MRL of 0.05 mg kg-1. While, no sample of okra and brinjal had HCH, Gamma HCH, DDT and DDE level above MRL of 0.01, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.05 mg kg-1 , respectively. This study may be helpful in creating a database about regional exposure of urban population and facilitate in evaluation of potential threat and risk to their health in daily life.

Evaluating the Determinants of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables: A Case of Lemon Market in Pakistan

“…Pesticide residues were observed highest in Faisalabad (0.270 mg/kg), followed by Gujranwala (0.157 mg/kg) and Multan (0.125 mg/kg). Findings of pesticide residues were also consistent with the earlier studies (Syed et al 2014;Amir et al 2015Amir et al , 2017Randhawa et al 2015). Pesticide residues (mg/kg)…”

“…All other things equal, the coefficient indicated that 1 litter/acre increase in pesticide quantity increased vegetable contamination with 0.03 mg/kg of pesticide residues. Similar findings had been reported by earlier studies using simple descriptive analysis (Syed et al 2014;Amir et al 2015Amir et al , 2017Randhawa et al 2015). Nonetheless, pesticide residues decreased significantly with increased in spray interval.…”

Impact of sonolytic ozonation (O3/US) on degradation of pesticide residues in fresh vegetables and fruits: Case study of Faisalabad, Pakistan

“…Imidacloprid belongs to neonicotinoid group, which also includes thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid, detected in tested fruits and vegetables. Previous local research reports also showed that different fruits and vegetables of Punjab market were found contaminated with different pesticides [9] , [10] . Akhtar et al [45] reported pesticides (bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, diomethomorph, deltamethrin and imidacloprid) contamination in selected fruits and vegetables from Lahore market including guava, eggplant and round gourd and argued that these pesticides were not removed from their surfaces by simple tap water washing.…”

“…While the use of pesticides is playing an important role for increased yield of horticultural crops but the presence of their chemicals residues above maximum residues levels/limits (MRLs) significantly affect the human and animal health [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] . Further, the use of pesticides on horticultural crops pollutes the environment as well as leave terminal degradation products in food inducing carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive effect in human beings [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] . Evidence of higher pesticide residues were found in different commodities [3] , [6] , [11] , which cause several health-hazardous issues [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] .…”

Endosulfan Concentrations in Association With Serum Biochemical Parameters and Risk of Cancer

“…Endosulfan is banned in Pakistan but is sold and used illegally on vegetables, fruits, crops and for other miscellaneous purposes as confirmed in recent studies across the country (Anwar et al, 2011;Randhawa et al, 2016;Ahmad et al, 2018;Hayat et al, 2018). It was therefore necessary to evaluate endosulfan residues with respect to health risk in humans.…”