Organized waste disposal in the Pottery Neolithic: A bifacial workshop refuse pit at Ein Zippori, Israel

Recycling in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age: evidence of flint recycling at Ein-Zippori, Israel

“…Lithic and other aspects of Ein-Zippori were studied in recent years (Agam et al 2016;2018a;Milevski et al 2014;2015a,b;Namdar et al 2015;Schechter et al 2016Schechter et al , 2018Yerkes et al 2016Yerkes et al , 2018Zutovski et al 2016). This paper presents a sample of recycled items and recycling products from the WR (~7600 -~6800 cal.…”

“…The soils are rich in nutrients, very suitable for agriculture, and have been intensely cultivated in the past. (Agam et al 2016;Gal 2002) and the once perennial Nahal Zippori is not flowing anymore. This rich Mediterranean zone attracted intensive occupation through the ages (known from other sites in the region such as Yiftahel, Givat Rabi, Kfar Kanna and Mitzpe Zvulun)especially since the beginning of agriculture (Agam et al 2016;Gal 2002;Milevski et al 2014).…”

“…(Agam et al 2016;Gal 2002) and the once perennial Nahal Zippori is not flowing anymore. This rich Mediterranean zone attracted intensive occupation through the ages (known from other sites in the region such as Yiftahel, Givat Rabi, Kfar Kanna and Mitzpe Zvulun)especially since the beginning of agriculture (Agam et al 2016;Gal 2002;Milevski et al 2014). While the Pre-Pottery Neolithic occupations are scarce in the 2011-2013 excavation areas, the Pottery Neolithic WR and the Early Bronze Age Ib are dominant and massive.…”

“…For example, several studies suggested that lithic recycling would be more likely to occur as a consequence of relative scarcity of raw materials and, therefore, a need to maximize the profitability of lithic resources (Amick 2007;Close 1996;Dibble & Rolland 1992;Galup 2007;Hiscock 2009;Kelly 1988). Recycling can however be present in areas where there is an abundance of raw material, and relate to various socio-cultural aspects (Agam et al 2016;Assaf et al 2015;Baena-Preysler et al 2015;Parush et al 2015;Vaquero 2011;Wilson et al 2015). In the Ein-Zippori case presented here, lithic recycling is present throughout the site's occupation sequence despite the fact that raw materials were, and still are, found in abundance in the close vicinity of the site (Agam et al 2016).…”

“…Recycling can however be present in areas where there is an abundance of raw material, and relate to various socio-cultural aspects (Agam et al 2016;Assaf et al 2015;Baena-Preysler et al 2015;Parush et al 2015;Vaquero 2011;Wilson et al 2015). In the Ein-Zippori case presented here, lithic recycling is present throughout the site's occupation sequence despite the fact that raw materials were, and still are, found in abundance in the close vicinity of the site (Agam et al 2016). This provides an opportonity to examine other aspects of recycling, rather than constraints and scarcity.…”