Organized Crime: Transnational

Lyman, Michael D.

doi:10.4135/9781412950619.n337

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…When those interests of the highest importance can't be realized successfully by diplomatic, political and economic measures and tools, onto the scene are brought out the instrumentalized amalgams of the second level. That's the level of executing secret politics, which is carried out "down" on the ground by intelligence services, which prepare the playing field for the recruitment, instructions, organizing and any other kind of support needed for carrying out a special (hybrid) war, which as a distinct phase, allows for the prediction of terrorist attacks aimed at different targets on different levels, in different parts of the world (Lyman & Potter, 2009;Chambliss, 1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that sense, (Michael D. Lyman and Gary W. Potter, 2009) claim that "Crime is a great producer of the capitalist oil. Those who wish to have an effect upon the results created by the machine understand that the money that crime creates are an effective means that allows them to get to where they want, just as much as money which has been acquired in another way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General concept of systemic corrupted policy and international security

Labović¹

2017

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General concept of systemically corrupted foreign policy means long term accomplishing geo-strategic and geo-economic interests in the function of the biggest global capital in the world (Labovic, 2016). This highest and the most sophisticated type of unconventional political corruption has strong impact on the international economic and political relations, international and regional security. Systemically corrupted foreign policy is performed through the most perfidious methods, on the level of continued foreign policies. When the political, diplomatic and economic measures can not give results, as an ultima ratio-the military intervention is used in countries that are tens of thousands kilometers away from the country aggressor. Due to the above mentioned reasons, there has not been individual criminal responsibility for the killed civilians. This type of interventions eliminates the subjective criminal-law responsibility, because these activities, foreseen as criminal offences against the humanity and the international law are not treated as international criminal offences, but as a legitimate manner of conducting politics. In that context, also, special, hybrid war is used by the great powers for breaking the resistance of disobedient governments in smaller countries, which have themselves fallen into a condition where rule of law is absent, corruption is rampant and lack of respect for human rights and freedom is present. Of course, all this is done in those smaller countries with a lot less resources and not always by using extreme and/or militant means. In the context of the most immanent functions of the science, such as discovery, explanation and prognosis, in the paper have been explained thesis about the concrete interests of the great powers in the Western Balkans and especially in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as forecasts about its realization in further phases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General concept of systemic corrupted policy and international security

Labović¹

2017

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“…Subsequently, globalization has permitted legitimate businesses and transnational organized crime groups to equally benefit from the following factors: improved interdependence between nations, the effectiveness of international travel and global communications, the permeability of national borders, and the globalization of international financial systems (Williamson 1996). Thus, there has been an expansion in transnational commerce as information, money, physical goods, and other commodities passage freely across states (Lyman & Potter 2011).…”

Section: Globalization and The Drug Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Taliban insurgency and transnational organized crime nexus

Mirdad

2020

MKP

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Afghanistan has been demolished by more than three decades of the ongoing war since the war against the Soviet Union started in 1979. The Afghanistan-Pakistan region provides a geographically secure location and a space of opportunity for organized crime and terrorist groups. This paper aims at exploring the Taliban nexus with organized crime groups in Afghanistan and the region through Makarenko’s crime-terror continuum theory. The method of this study is qualitative through the descriptive-analytical approach. The growing connection between insurgents and organized crime poses essential challenges to the region. Each group has developed both criminal and terrorist elements while not relinquishing its original organizing principle. Afghanistan is a war-torn country and weak governance, terrorism, narcotics, illegal mining, poor border control, and widespread corruption provide the perfect opportunity for convergence of the Taliban with organized criminal and insurgent groups in the region. The Taliban and organized crime groups are involved in kidnapping for ransom, drug trade, extortion, and exploitation of natural resources. The finding indicates that, although the objectives of the insurgent and organized crime organizations differ widely, these enabling variables are also suitable for organized crime organizations. The primary objective of organized crime is to gain profit, and the objective of the insurgent is to contest the state power and promote political change through violence. The economic sources are the primary main reason why the two organizations converge.

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Organized Crime: Transnational

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

General concept of systemic corrupted policy and international security

General concept of systemic corrupted policy and international security

Taliban insurgency and transnational organized crime nexus

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