In the new sci-tech revolution and industrial transformation, the main objective of training engineering talents is to cultivate talents with innovation and expertise to meet the needs of economic and social development. The realization of the goal depends on whether the cooperation between universities and enterprises can create the effective talents cultivation mode. First, this paper constructs the elements of university-industry collaboration safeguard mechanisms including laws, regulations, mechanisms and systems. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was conducted among directors from universities and enterprises in charge of cooperative projects in the nuclear power industry. By analyzing the data, this paper summarizes the current situation and shortcomings of the safeguard mechanism. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of the safeguard mechanism are proposed.