“…Only a few previous experiments have examined orthographic and semantic cued recall within one experimental design (Barrett, Maier, Ekstrand, & Pellegrino, 1975;Lauer & Battig, 1972;Luek, Cicala, & McLaughlin, 1976;Mondani, Pellegrino, & Battig, 1973;Pellegrino, 1974;Wood, 1970, Experiment III), and although cuing with semantically related associates has been a very popular technique (e.g., Thomson & Tulving, 1970), very rarely has cuing with initial letters been investigated by itself (Earhard, 1967a(Earhard, , 1967b(Earhard, , 1969Lauer, Streby, & Battig, 1976;Tulving, 1962;Warren, 1974;Zavortink & Keppel, 1968). At least two experiments have included the orthographic and semantic cues together for the same item for the same subject at the same time (Lauer & Battig, 1972;Pellegrino, 1974).…”