Organization of vestibular inputs to nucleus tractus solitarius and adjacent structures in cat brain stem

Yates, B. J.; Grélot, Laurent; Kerman, Ilan A.; Balaban, Carey D.; Jakus, J; Miller, Alan D.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.4.r974

Cited by 114 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The vestibular nuclei provide direct inputs to the RVLM (28,35), as well as indirect inputs relayed through brain stem regions that mediate the baroreceptor reflex and participate in generating rhythmic SNA, including nucleus tractus solitarius (1,37,41), the lateral tegmental field (40), and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (38). One explanation for the reduced RVLM neuronal activity after the elimination of labyrinthine inputs is a loss of excitatory monosynaptic and polysynaptic excitatory drive to RVLM neurons from the vestibular nuclei.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic activity of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious cats: effect of removal of vestibular inputs

Barman

Sugiyama²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-Although it is well established that bulbospinal neurons located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play a pivotal role in regulating sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure, virtually all neurophysiological studies of this region have been conducted in anesthetized or decerebrate animals. In the present study, we used time-and frequency-domain analyses to characterize the naturally occurring discharges of RVLM neurons in conscious cats. Specifically, we compared their activity to fluctuations in carotid artery blood flow to identify neurons with cardiac-related (CR) activity; we then considered whether neurons with CR activity also had a higher-frequency rhythmic firing pattern. In addition, we ascertained whether the surgical removal of vestibular inputs altered the rhythmic discharge properties of RVLM neurons. Less than 10% of RVLM neurons expressed CR activity, although the likelihood of observing a neuron with CR activity in the RVLM varied between recording sessions, even when tracking occurred in a very limited area and was higher after vestibular inputs were surgically removed. Either a 10-Hz or a 20-to 30-Hz rhythmic discharge pattern coexisted with the CR discharges in some of the RVLM neurons. Additionally, the firing rate of RVLM neurons, including those with CR activity, decreased after vestibular lesions. These findings raise the prospect that RVLM neurons may or may not express rhythmic firing patterns at a particular time due to a variety of influences, including descending projections from higher brain centers and sensory inputs, such as those from the vestibular system. vestibular system; sympathetic nervous system; baroreceptors; 10-Hz rhythm; cardiac-related activity THERE IS A CONSENSUS THAT bulbospinal neurons located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play a pivotal role in regulating the activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord that control peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure (13,15,16). Neurophysiological studies conducted in decerebrate or anesthetized animals have characterized the firing patterns and responses to a variety of stimuli of RVLM neurons (e.g., 3, 5-7, 18, 23). A hallmark of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and of the activity in brain stem neurons that regulate cardiovascular function is the appearance of a cardiac-related (CR) rhythm, reflecting the influence of the baroreceptor reflex (14,20,23,25,27). In addition to the CR rhythm, several groups have noted the appearance of a 10-Hz rhythm in SNA of cats (4, 9, 10, 14, 24).We recently provided the first examples of recordings of RVLM neuronal activity in conscious animals (18). In that study, we compared in decerebrate and awake cats the responses of RVLM neurons to whole-body rotations that activate vestibular receptors. We demonstrated that RVLM neuronal responses to vestibular inputs are ordinarily suppressed in conscious animals and hypothesized that autonomic responses to a variety of inputs, including those from the inner ear, are gated by higher brai...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic activity of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious cats: effect of removal of vestibular inputs

Barman

Sugiyama²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…In animals, neurons from the vestibular nuclei project directly to the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) (43 ). Lesions of the NTS in turn globally impair cerebrovascular autoregulation, independent of any specific effect on baroreceptor input (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acute exposure to hypergravity (G_X vs. G_Z) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation

Serrador

Wood

Picot

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Physiology

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We examined the effects of 30 min of exposure to either + 3G x or +3G z centrifugation on cerebrovascular responses to 80 0 head-up tilt (HUT) in 14 healthy individuals. Both before and after +3G x or +3G z centrifugation, eye-level blood pressure (BP ey e ) , end tidal CO 2 (P ET C0 2 ), mean cerebral flow velocity (CFV) in the middle cerebral artery (trans cranial Doppler ultrasound), cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) and dynamic cerebral autoregulatory gain (GAIN) were measured with subjects in the supine position and during subsequent 80 0 HUT for 30 min. Mean BP eye decreased with HUT in both the G x (n= 7) and G z (n=7) groups (P

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“…Vagal afferents that supply the gastrointestinal system project directly to the NTS (Lee, Hohman, Cai, Regalia and Helke, 2001). Vestibular inputs to the NTS were found to come directly from medial and inferior vestibular nuclei in the cat (Yates et al, 1994) and rabbit (Balaban and Beryozkin, 1994) Nausea is more common than vomiting both in migraine (Lance and Goadsby, 2005;MacGregor, 1999) and motion sickness (Benson, 2002). Although nausea and vomiting can be distressing, it is feasible that momentary relief might follow vomiting as it is the body's primary mechanism to rid itself of real or suspected toxins.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Hypersensitivitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Migraine and motion sickness: What is the link?

Cuomo-Granston

Drummond

2010

Progress in Neurobiology

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The brainstem is a structurally complex region, containing numerous ascending and descending fibres that converge on centres that regulate bodily functions essential to life. Afferent input from the cranial tissues and the special senses is processed, in part, in brainstem nuclei. In addition, brainstem centres modulate the flow of pain messages and other forms of sensory information to higher regions of the brain, and influence the general excitability of these cortical regions. Thus, disruptions in brainstem processing might evoke a complex range of unpleasant symptoms, vegetative changes and neurovascular disturbances and that, together, form attacks of migraine. Migraine is linked with various co-morbid conditions, the most prominent being motion sickness. Symptoms such as nausea, dizziness and headache are common to motion sickness and migraine; moreover, migraine sufferers have a heightened vulnerability to motion sickness. As both maladies involve reflexes that relay in the brainstem, symptoms may share the same neural circuitry. In consequence, subclinical interictal persistence of disturbances in these brainstem pathways could not only increase vulnerability to recurrent attacks of migraine but also increase susceptibility to motion sickness. Mechanisms that mediate symptoms of motion sickness and migraine are explored in this paper. The physiology of motion sickness and migraine is discussed, and neurotransmitters that may be involved in the manifestation of symptoms are reviewed. Recent findings have shed light on the relationship between migraine and motion sickness, and provide insights into the generation of migraine attacks.

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Organization of vestibular inputs to nucleus tractus solitarius and adjacent structures in cat brain stem

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Rhythmic activity of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious cats: effect of removal of vestibular inputs

Rhythmic activity of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious cats: effect of removal of vestibular inputs

Effect of acute exposure to hypergravity (G_X vs. G_Z) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation

Migraine and motion sickness: What is the link?

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Organization of vestibular inputs to nucleus tractus solitarius and adjacent structures in cat brain stem

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Rhythmic activity of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious cats: effect of removal of vestibular inputs

Rhythmic activity of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious cats: effect of removal of vestibular inputs

Effect of acute exposure to hypergravity (GX vs. GZ) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation

Migraine and motion sickness: What is the link?

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Product

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Effect of acute exposure to hypergravity (G_X vs. G_Z) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation