Organization of the Dopamine and Noradrenaline Innervations of the Median Eminence-Pituitary Region in the Rat

Björklund, Anders; Falck, B.; Nobin, Anders; Stenevi, Ulf

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12587-8_22

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In the diencephalon the A11 group could be identified. This group is known to project to the spinal cord [Björklund and Skagerberg, 1979;Hökfelt et al, 1979;Lindvall et al, 1983] and the A12 cell group that projects to the median eminence [Fuxe, 1964;Fuxe and Hökfelt, 1966] and the pituitary gland [Björklund et al, 1974]. The small clusters of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamic periventricular region of the dolphin brain appear to be homologous to the A14 dopaminergic neurons described in the rat [Fuxe, 1964;Björk-lund et al, 1973;Hökfelt et al, 1976;Björklund and Lindvall, 1984].…”

Section: The Homologized Groups Within the Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The existence of an A13 group in the zona incerta [Fuxe et al, 1969;Björklund et al, 1975] of the dolphin remains to be determined, although the posterior dorsal hypothalamic neuronal cluster (PDH) observed in the dolphin hypothalamus might in part correspond to the A13 group. Thus, several similar hypothalamic dopaminergic neuronal groups, probably with functions similar to those in other mammals, appear to exist in the dolphin and these might play a role in neuroendocrine functions [Fuxe et al, 1970;Björklund et al, 1974]. Some of these dopaminergic neuronal groups could have a role in thermoregulation, as it seems likely that D2 receptors in the lateral hypothalamus in mammals mediate hypothalamic responses [Fuxe and Sjöqvist, 1972;Cox and Lee, 1979;Faunt and Crocker, 1987;Salmi et al, 1993;Parada et al, 1995].…”

Section: The Homologized Groups Within the Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Catecholaminergic Cells in the Diencephalon and Midbrain of the Bottlenose Dolphin <i>(Tursiops truncatus)</i>

Manger

Fuxé

Ridgway³

et al. 2004

Brain Behav Evol

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The present study describes the distribution and cellular morphology of catecholaminergic neurons in the diencephalon and midbrain of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry was used to visualize these putatively dopaminergic neurons. The standard A1-A17, C1-C3, nomenclature is used for expediency; however, the neuroanatomical names of the various nuclei have also been given. Dolphins exhibit certain tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) catecholaminergic neuronal groups in the midbrain (A8, A9, A10) and diencephalon (A11, A12, A14), however, no neuronal clusters clearly corresponding to the A13 and A15 groups could be identified. The subdivisions of these neuronal groups are in general agreement with those of other mammals, but there is a high degree of species specificity. First, three TH-ir neuronal groups not identified in other species were found: in the ventral lateral peri-aqueductal gray matter, posterior dorsal hypothalamus, and rostral mesencephalic raphe. Second, the normal components of the substantia nigra (A9 or pars compacta, A9 lateral or pars lateralis, A9 ventral or pars reticulata) were extremely cell sparse, but there was a substantial expansion of the A9 medial and A10 lateral subdivisions forming an impressive ‘ventral wing’ in the posterior substantia nigra. The findings of this and previous studies suggest a distinct evolutionary trend occurring in the neuromodulatory systems in mammals. The results are discussed in relation to motor control, thermoregulation, unihemispheric sleep, and dolphin cognition.

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Section: The Homologized Groups Within the Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Homologized Groups Within the Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Catecholaminergic Cells in the Diencephalon and Midbrain of the Bottlenose Dolphin <i>(Tursiops truncatus)</i>

Manger

Fuxé

Ridgway³

et al. 2004

Brain Behav Evol

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“…Biochem ical analysis has revealed the presence of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine in both the neural (NL) and intermedi ate (IL) lobes of the pituitary [4,28]. Approximately half of the norepinephrine in the neurointermediate lobe appears to be contained in terminals of sympathetic neurons origi nating in the superior cervical ganglia [1], while the remain der is presumably contained in norepinephrine neurons of central origin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Regulation of Tuberohypophysial Dopaminergic Neurons Terminating in the Intermediate Lobe and in the Neural Lobe of the Rat Pituitary Gland

et al. 1985

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In order to characterize the properties of tuberohypophysial dopaminergic neurons which terminate in the intermediate (IL) and neural (NL) lobes of the pituitary gland a technique was developed which permitted the selective dissection of the rat pituitary into its three distinct lobes (NL, IL and anterior lobe, AL). The success of the dissection was evaluated histologically and biochemically by measuring the distribution of peptide hormones characteristic of the dissected regions. As would be predicted, prolactin was found almost exclusively in the AL, arginine-vasopressin in the NL and α-melanotropin in the IL. Over two-thirds of total immunoreactive β-endorphin was located in the IL and less than 30% was found in the AL. The concentration of dopamine (DA) was greater in the IL than in the NL, but the rate of turnover of the amine was approximately the same suggesting that the basal activity of tuberohypophysial DA neurons is similar in both regions. On the other hand, the turnover of DA in the IL, but not NL, was increased following the administration of a DA antagonist (haloperidol) and decreased following a DA agonist (bromocriptine). Thus, the activity of DA neurons terminating in the IL is regulated, at least in part, by DA receptor-mediated mechanisms and in this regard these neurons resemble DA neurons terminating in the nucleus accumbens and striatum. Since DA turnover in NL was not altered by the administration of haloperidol or bromocriptine it is proposed that these neurons lack DA receptor-mediated regulatory mechanisms and thus resemble tuberoinfundibular DA neurons terminating in the median eminence.

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“…Although in these circum stances it is difficult to determine the true role of dopaminergic neurons in the control of vasopressin release, there is some reason to believe that this role may be expressed by the actions of BC under the present experimental conditions. It is well known that central dopaminergic neurons terminate in the supraoptic nucleus, median eminence, and the neural lobe of the posterior pituitary [3, 30], and that the central administration of dopamine (DA) or the peripheral administration of L-dopa can affect the release of vasopres sin and have cardiovascular effects [ 1,2,4,9,15,16, 21,23, 25, 27, 29]. It is likely, therefore, that dopaminergic neurons participate in the control of vasopressin release and the re gulation of arterial blood pressure, and that the regulation of blood pressure may be mediated by changes in vasopres sin release and activity of the sympathetic nervous system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Effects of Dopamine and Bromocriptine on Vasopressin Release and Blood Pressure

Kimura¹,

Share²,

Wang³

et al. 1981

Neuroendocrinology

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In order to investigate the role of central dopaminergic receptors in the control of vasopressin release and in cardiovascular regulation, the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of dopamine (DA) and bromocriptine (BC), a specific DA agonist, were compared in the anesthetized dog. The drugs were infused over a 20-min period into a lateral ventricle. DA brought about a transient decrease in mean arterial blood pressure, a slight increase in heart rate toward the end of the experiment, and a suppression of vasopressin release. BC increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure to a greater extent than did DA, and doubled the plasma vasopressin concentration. The increase in vasopressin secretion preceded the fall in blood pressure, and was, therefore, due to a direct central action of BC. Although in these circumstances it is difficult to determine the true role of dopaminergic neurons in the control of vasopressin release, there is some reason to believe that this role may be expressed by the actions of BC under the present experimental conditions.

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Organization of the Dopamine and Noradrenaline Innervations of the Median Eminence-Pituitary Region in the Rat

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Catecholaminergic Cells in the Diencephalon and Midbrain of the Bottlenose Dolphin <i>(Tursiops truncatus)</i>

The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Catecholaminergic Cells in the Diencephalon and Midbrain of the Bottlenose Dolphin <i>(Tursiops truncatus)</i>

Differential Regulation of Tuberohypophysial Dopaminergic Neurons Terminating in the Intermediate Lobe and in the Neural Lobe of the Rat Pituitary Gland

Central Effects of Dopamine and Bromocriptine on Vasopressin Release and Blood Pressure

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