Organization of gangliosides into membrane nanodomains

Sarmento, Maria J.; Ricardo, Joana C.; Amaro, Mariana; Šachl, Radek

doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13871

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…The most abundant LCB in fungi is phytosphingosine, while in mammals is sphingosine. However, it is possible to find dihydrosphingosine, in both mammals and yeast [4,56]. In yeast, phytosphingosine is 18 or 20 carbon long [57], though C 18 phytosphingosine is more abundant [4].…”

Section: Membrane Domains and Sphingolipids In Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingolipid‐enriched domains in fungi

et al. 2020

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Plasma membrane carries out multiple physiological functions that require its dynamic and tightly regulated organization into specialized domains of different size, stability, and lipid/protein composition. Sphingolipids are a group of lipids in which the plasma membrane is particularly enriched, thus being crucial for its structure and function. A specific type of sphingolipid‐enriched plasma membrane domains, where ergosterol is depleted and lipids are tightly packed in a rigid gel phase, has recently been found in several fungal species, including yeasts and moulds. After presenting the main biophysical features of gel domains and the experimental method for their detection in the fungal plasma membrane, we review these sphingolipid‐enriched gel domains and illustrate their importance to both unicellular and multicellular fungi. First, the biophysical properties of the fungal sphingolipid‐enriched domains will be analysed taking into consideration the plasma membrane sphingolipidome. Next, their possible biological roles will be summarized, including their relations with plasma membrane compartments and involvement in stress responses. Moreover, since the plasma membrane is a target for several antifungal compounds, a biophysical connection between sphingolipid‐enriched domains and antifungal action will be explored.

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Section: Membrane Domains and Sphingolipids In Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingolipid‐enriched domains in fungi

et al. 2020

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“…Below 20% mol/mol concentrations, GM1 has a known tendency to segregate, by forming clusters [ 39 ]. Clusters of varying sizes were measured, depending on the concentration of GM1 and the lipid composition of the matrix [ 40 ]. It has been reported, for matrices similar to those studied here, containing cholesterol and sphingomyelin, that GM1 nanodomains are in the disordered fluid phase [ 9 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Angle X-ray Scattering Sensing Membrane Composition: The Role of Sphingolipids in Membrane-Amyloid β-Peptide Interaction

Carrotta

Mangione

Librizzi

et al. 2021

Biology

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The early impairments appearing in Alzheimer’s disease are related to neuronal membrane damage. Both aberrant Aβ species and specific membrane components play a role in promoting aggregation, deposition, and signaling dysfunction. Ganglioside GM1, present with cholesterol and sphingomyelin in lipid rafts, preferentially interacts with the Aβ peptide. GM1 at physiological conditions clusters in the membrane, the assembly also involves phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. The structure of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), made of a basic POPC:POPS matrix in a proportion of 9:1, and containing different amounts of GM1 (1%, 3%, and 4% mol/mol) in the presence of 5% mol/mol sphingomyelin and 15% mol/mol cholesterol, was studied using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The effect of the membrane composition on the LUVs–Aβ-peptide interaction, both for Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 variants, was, thus, monitored. The presence of GM1 leads to a significant shift of the main peak, towards lower scattering angles, up to 6% of the initial value with SM and 8% without, accompanied by an opposite shift of the first minimum, up to 21% and 24% of the initial value, respectively. The analysis of the SAXS spectra, using a multi-Gaussian model for the electronic density profile, indicated differences in the bilayer of the various compositions. An increase in the membrane thickness, by 16% and 12% when 2% and 3% mol/mol GM1 was present, without and with SM, respectively, was obtained. Furthermore, in these cases, in the presence of Aβ40, a very small decrease of the bilayer thickness, less than 4% and 1%, respectively, was derived, suggesting the inhibiting effect that the presence of sphingomyelin has on the GM1–Aβ interaction.

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Section: Ctxb As a Probe For Membrane Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GM1 is also known to form nanoclusters in cell membranes and model membranes [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. There is wide discrepancy in the reported size, composition and phase of these clusters in model systems [ 60 ]. In cells, GM1 nanoclusters have been reported to form in a cholesterol, actin, and temperature-dependent manner [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Ctxb As a Probe For Membrane Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera Toxin as a Probe for Membrane Biology

Kenworthy

Schmieder

Raghunathan

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Cholera toxin B-subunit (CTxB) has emerged as one of the most widely utilized tools in membrane biology and biophysics. CTxB is a homopentameric stable protein that binds tightly to up to five GM1 glycosphingolipids. This provides a robust and tractable model for exploring membrane structure and its dynamics including vesicular trafficking and nanodomain assembly. Here, we review important advances in these fields enabled by use of CTxB and its lipid receptor GM1.

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Organization of gangliosides into membrane nanodomains

Cited by 23 publications

References 244 publications

Sphingolipid‐enriched domains in fungi

Sphingolipid‐enriched domains in fungi

Small Angle X-ray Scattering Sensing Membrane Composition: The Role of Sphingolipids in Membrane-Amyloid β-Peptide Interaction

Cholera Toxin as a Probe for Membrane Biology

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