Organization of Cerebral Projections to Identified Cerebellar Zones in the Posterior Cerebellum of the Rat

Suzuki, Lucia; Coulon, Patrice; Sabel-Goedknegt, Erika; Ruigrok, Tom J. H.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0857-12.2012

Cited by 120 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…The somatotopical organization of the corticoponto-cerebellar pathways from hindlimb, forelimb and face sensorimotor areas, their caudo-rostral arrangement in the pontine nuclei and their termination in the copula, the paramedian lobule, and the crus 2, more recently were confirmed by Odeh et al (2005) and, using retrograde transneuronal tracing, by Suzuki et al (2012).…”

Section: Pontine Nucleimentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Its hemisphere, the copula receives a projection from a more restricted ventral region of the caudal pons (blue, levels 6-8). This region corresponds with the projection of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex (also see Suzuki et al, 2012). The paramedian lobule receives pontine input from more dorsal and rostral regions (levels 2-8) that were found to receive input from the forelimb sensorimotor cortex).…”

Section: Pontine Nucleimentioning

confidence: 85%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cerebellum and Cerebellar Connections

Ruigrok

Sillitoe

Voogd

2015

The Rat Nervous System

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Section: Pontine Nucleimentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Pontine Nucleimentioning

confidence: 85%

Cerebellum and Cerebellar Connections

Ruigrok

Sillitoe

Voogd

2015

The Rat Nervous System

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“…Both areas thus form a closed connectivity loop. However, recent research has qualified this interpretation and has shown that cerebro-cerebellar connectivity may be more open-ended, whereby the cerebellum receives inputs from multiple functional cerebral areas, including orbitofrontal areas from contra-and ipsilateral hemispheres (Suzuki et al, 2012). Human research exploring structural connectivity using diffusion imaging confirmed that cerebral fiber tracts connect predominantly to contralateral cerebellar areas, although they also show important ipsilateral connections (Salmi et al, 2010;Sokolov et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional connectivity between the cerebrum and cerebellum in social cognition: A multi-study analysis

2016

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“…A similar conjunction might underlie H-reflex conditioning. The mossy fibers could convey efference-copy activity that reflects current CST influence over the H-reflex arc (Leergaard et al 2006;Ruigrok et al 2015;Suzuki et al 2012). The climbing fibers could indicate whether a reward occurs (e.g., whether the IO receives cortical input that reflects the click of the pellet dispenser or the taste of the food pellet) (see Ruigrok et al 2015 for review of IO inputs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ablation of the inferior olive prevents H-reflex down-conditioning in rats

Chen

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurophysiology

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We evaluated the role of the inferior olive (IO) in acquisition of the spinal cord plasticity that underlies H-reflex down-conditioning, a simple motor skill. The IO was chemically ablated before a 50-day exposure to an operant conditioning protocol that rewarded a smaller soleus H-reflex. In normal rats, down-conditioning succeeds (i.e., H-reflex size decreases at least 20%) in 80% of animals. Down-conditioning failed in every IO-ablated rat (P Ͻ 0.001 vs. normal rats). IO ablation itself had no long-term effect on H-reflex size. These results indicate that the IO is essential for acquisition of a down-conditioned H-reflex. With previous data, they support the hypothesis that IO and cortical inputs to cerebellum enable the cerebellum to guide sensorimotor cortex plasticity that produces and maintains the spinal cord plasticity that underlies the down-conditioned H-reflex. They help to further define H-reflex conditioning as a model for understanding motor learning and as a new approach to enhancing functional recovery after trauma or disease. operant conditioning; spinal cord; plasticity; cerebellum; learning EVEN THE SIMPLEST LEARNING produces plasticity at multiple places in the CNS (e.g., Carrier et al. 1997;Lieb and Frost 1997;Longley and Yeo 2014;Wolpaw and Lee 1989). Thus a central challenge in understanding learning is to explain how changes at many sites combine to account for the acquisition and maintenance of a newly learned behavior, and also for the preservation of previously learned behaviors that use some of the same neurons and synapses. Operant conditioning of the H-reflex, an electrical analog of the spinal stretch reflex (e.g., the knee-jerk reflex), provides a unique opportunity to address the challenge. By a standard definition of motor skill as an adaptive behavior acquired through practice (e.g., Shmuelof and Krakauer 2011), operantly conditioned change in the H-reflex is a simple motor skill. This learning changes both the brain and the spinal cord (Wolpaw and Chen 2006; see Thompson and Wolpaw 2014 and Wolpaw 2010 for review). The anatomical separation of the spinal cord from the brain and the direct connection of the spinal cord to behavior (i.e., to muscle activity) facilitate study of the manner in which the spinal and supraspinal plasticity produced by H-reflex conditioning combine to acquire and maintain a smaller (i.e., down-conditioned) or larger (i.e., up-conditioned) H-reflex, while at the same time maintaining other behaviors that use the same spinal circuitry.The studies to date indicate that the corticospinal tract (CST) and cerebellar output to cortex are essential for acquisition of the spinal cord plasticity that is directly responsible for a smaller (i.e., down-conditioned) H-reflex, while other major descending and ascending tracts are not essential (Chen and Wolpaw 1997. The cerebellum might simply be required for the normal functioning of sensorimotor cortex (SMC), or it might actually guide the CST activity that produces the spinal cord plasticity that is directly res...

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Organization of Cerebral Projections to Identified Cerebellar Zones in the Posterior Cerebellum of the Rat

Cited by 120 publications

References 66 publications

Cerebellum and Cerebellar Connections

Cerebellum and Cerebellar Connections

Functional connectivity between the cerebrum and cerebellum in social cognition: A multi-study analysis

Ablation of the inferior olive prevents H-reflex down-conditioning in rats

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