Organisms and responses to environmental change

Peck, Lloyd S.

doi:10.1016/j.margen.2011.07.001

Cited by 117 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The importance of the entrained mechanism depends on both the extent and time scale of the applied stress (Peck, 2011). The most relevant of these in terms of responses to climate change scale events has been argued to be phenotypic plasticity, primarily from the acclimation of physiological processes to altered conditions, and genetic adaptation that can be achieved by both mutation and/or the transfer of genes within and between populations (Somero, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation and thermal tolerance in Antarctic marine ectotherms

Peck

Morley

Richard

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Antarctic marine species have evolved in one of the coldest and most temperature-stable marine environments on Earth. They have long been classified as being stenothermal, or having a poor capacity to resist warming. Here we show that their ability to acclimate their physiology to elevated temperatures is poor compared with species from temperate latitudes, and similar to those from the tropics. Those species that have been demonstrated to acclimate take a very long time to do so, with Antarctic fish requiring up to 21-36 days to acclimate, which is 2-4 times as long as temperate species, and invertebrates requiring between 2 and 5 months to complete wholeanimal acclimation. Investigations of upper thermal tolerance (CT max ) in Antarctic marine species have shown that as the rate of warming is reduced in experiments, CT max declines markedly, ranging from 8 to 17.5°C across 13 species at a rate of warming of 1°C day, and from 1 to 6°C at a rate of 1°C month −1 . This effect of the rate of warming on CT max also appears to be present at all latitudes. A macrophysiological analysis of long-term CT max across latitudes for marine benthic groups showed that both Antarctic and tropical species were less resistant to elevated temperatures in experiments and thus had lower warming allowances (measured as the difference between long-term CT max and experienced environmental temperature), or warming resistance, than temperate species. This makes them more at risk from warming than species from intermediate latitudes. This suggests that the variability of environmental temperature may be a major factor in dictating an organism's responses to environmental change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation and thermal tolerance in Antarctic marine ectotherms

Peck

Morley

Richard

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

Self Cite

200

126

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“…At these shorter temporal scales it is difficult or impossible to distinguish between natural variability and the background climate change signal (Macias et al, 2013). Furthermore, many key ecological processes occur at regional (i.e., tens to hundreds of kilometers in extent) or smaller scales, hence biological responses to change also vary at these scales (Helmuth et al, 2006;Clarke et al, 2009;Peck, 2011;Chave, 2013). Similarly, resource conservation and management is also often concerned with regional or smaller scales (e.g., subareas, divisions or subdivisions in the case of fishing areas) that may contain relatively discrete populations of certain species (Stock et al, 2011;Sydeman et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Synergistic Approach for Evaluating Climate Model Output for Ecological Applications

et al. 2017

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Increasing concern about the impacts of climate change on ecosystems is prompting ecologists and ecosystem managers to seek reliable projections of physical drivers of change. The use of global climate models in ecology is growing, although drawing ecologically meaningful conclusions can be problematic. The expertise required to access and interpret output from climate and earth system models is hampering progress in utilizing them most effectively to determine the wider implications of climate change. To address this issue, we present a joint approach between climate scientists and ecologists that explores key challenges and opportunities for progress. As an exemplar, our focus is the Southern Ocean, notable for significant change with global implications, and on sea ice, given its crucial role in this dynamic ecosystem. We combined perspectives to evaluate the representation of sea ice in global climate models. With an emphasis on ecologically-relevant criteria (sea ice extent and seasonality) we selected a subset of eight models that reliably reproduce extant sea ice distributions. While the model subset shows a similar mean change to the full ensemble in sea ice extent (approximately 50% decline in winter and 30% decline in summer), there is a marked reduction in the range. This improved the precision of projected future sea ice distributions by approximately one third, and means they are more amenable to ecological interpretation. We conclude that careful multidisciplinary evaluation of climate models, in conjunction with ongoing modeling advances, should form an integral part of utilizing model output.

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“…Environmental conditions are then manipulated over a period of days or weeks and organism responses observed. Some authors have noted that these experimental, short-term, rapid temperature rises are not necessarily representative of real-world responses (Peck 2011). However, animals living in the Antarctic intertidal zone can be subjected to rapidly changing temperatures and environmental conditions over daily and seasonal timescales (Griffiths and Waller 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of unfavourable changes to their habitat, species have been shown to lose functional abilities necessary for survival (e.g. Peck et al 2004;Pörtner et al 2007;Peck 2011;Bylenga et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Laternula elliptica in the Antarctic intertidal zone

et al. 2016

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Many Antarctic marine invertebrates are considered to be highly stenothermal, subjected to loss of functionality at increased temperatures and so at high risk of mortality in a rapidly warming environment. The bivalve Laternula elliptica is often used as a model taxon to test these theories. Here, we report the first instance L. elliptica from an intertidal site. Genetic analysis of the tissue confirms the species identity. A total of seven animals ranging in length from 6 to 85 mm were collected from 3 9 0.25 m 2 quadrats of intertidal sediments at St Martha Cove on James Ross Island, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula. Ambient temperatures of 7.5°C within the sediment and 10°C (air) were recorded. This raises questions as to the current perception that ''many Antarctic marine invertebrates cannot adapt to higher temperatures''.

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Organisms and responses to environmental change

Cited by 117 publications

References 60 publications

Acclimation and thermal tolerance in Antarctic marine ectotherms

Acclimation and thermal tolerance in Antarctic marine ectotherms

A Synergistic Approach for Evaluating Climate Model Output for Ecological Applications

First report of Laternula elliptica in the Antarctic intertidal zone

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