Organics in the water column of Llake Pontchartrain

McFall, Jo Ann; Antoine, Shelley R.; DeLeon, Ildefonso R.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(85)90146-8

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Other reports, mostly carried out on landfill sites and other contaminated sites, give results that lie between those two values (Barker et al 1988;Bedient et al 1984;Hutchins and Ward 1984;Kerndorff et al 1992;Mattox and Humenick 1980;McCreary et al 1983;Pellizzari et al 1979;Reinhard et al 1994;Renk et al 1990;Steurmer et al 1982;Tester and Harker 1981;Turney and Goerlitz 1990;Tomson et al 1984). With regard to surface water samples, naphthalene concentrations were determined in the nanogramme-per-litre range in unpolluted areas, increasing up to 14,100 lg/l at heavily contaminated sites (Barreveld 1992;Benfenati et al 1992;Catallo and Gambrell 1987;Cole et al 1984;DeLeon et al 1986;Ehrhardt and Burns 1990;GomezBelinchon et al 1991;Gschwend et al 1982;Kayall and Connell 1989;Manoli et al 2000;Marchand et al 1988;Mastron et al 1994;McFall et al 1985;Michael et al 1991;Pereira et al 1996;Riley et al 1981;Tan et al 1990;van Steenderen et al 1987). Rainwater was reported to contain naphthalene concentrations in the range 0.008 to 0.780 lg/l (Berglind 1982;Czuczwa et al 1988;Ligocki et al 1985;Manoli et al 2000;Pankow et al 1983Pankow et al , 1984.…”

Section: Environmental Exposure To Naphthalenementioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthalene?an environmental and occupational toxicant

Preuss

Angerer

Drexler

2003

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

273

149

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For many years naphthalene had been considered as a non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Airborne naphthalene concentrations have always been observed to be below the limit values of various national committees, such as the threshold limit value (TLV) of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the MAK of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (10 ppm). Since 2000, when the US National Toxicology Program revealed clear evidence of the carcinogenic activity of naphthalene in rats, international agencies [the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), DFG] have reclassified naphthalene as a potential human carcinogen, and the European Union (EU) is currently preparing a new risk assessment report. It is presently unknown how to protect humans from health risks resulting from occupational and environmental naphthalene exposure. Knowledge about the external and internal exposure of humans serves as the key determinant in a comprehensive risk assessment. We review here ambient monitoring studies concerning the external naphthalene exposure that results from ubiquitous environmental sources (indoor and outdoor air, water, soil, food) and from a variety of critical workplaces (coking plants, creosote impregnation, distillation of coal tar and naphthalene, manufacture of refractories, graphite electrodes, aluminium and mothballs). Based on results of ambient monitoring studies published so far, a new hygiene-based exposure limit of 1.5 mg naphthalene per cubic metre of air (0.3 ppm) is proposed. Furthermore, results from biological monitoring studies are summarised in this article. The internal burden was almost exclusively determined by means of the urinary metabolites 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol, but it is currently not possible for one to evaluate a biological tolerance level (BAT) or a biological exposure index (BEI). Based on the toxicokinetics and metabolism of naphthalene, the central question on its carcinogenicity is briefly sketched. Naphthoquinones play an important role in this context. Their adducts with macromolecules may be the parameters of choice for the estimation of effects to human health.

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Section: Environmental Exposure To Naphthalenementioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthalene?an environmental and occupational toxicant

Preuss

Angerer

Drexler

2003

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

273

149

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“…Lake Pontchartrain has been a long-term sink for environmental contamination, primarily because it receives all the drainage from New Orleans' industry and population (4) during rainfall events. Water column samples have been shown to contain numerous U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants (5), and the presence of large concentrations of herbicides have been documented within the Lake's sediments (6,7). Furthermore, Noakes (8) reports large concentrations of lead, chromium, and barium in Lake's sediments, on the basis of use of the continuous sediment sampling and analysis system (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Quality of Depositional Sediments and Associated Soils in New Orleans and the Louisiana Peninsula Following Hurricane Katrina

Adams

Witt

Wang

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the Louisiana peninsula south of New Orleans on Aug 29, 2005. The resulting storm surge caused numerous levy breaches in the parishes of New Orleans as well as on the Louisiana peninsula. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of inorganic and organic constituents in sediments and associated soils in New Orleans parishes and the Louisiana peninsula after the floodwaters had been removed and/or receded following Hurricane Katrina. A total of 46 sediment and soil samples were analyzed that were collected throughout New Orleans and the Louisiana peninsula. Approximately 20% of the sediment samples were analyzed, including shallow sediment samples from locations that included the top and beneath automobiles, in residential and commercial areas, and near refineries. Gasoline constituents, pesticides, and leachable heavy metals were analyzed using headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), organic extraction GC/MS, and inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry, respectively. A significant number of samples had leachable As and Pb concentrations in excess of drinking water standards. The remaining metals analyzed (i.e., Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and V) generally had much lower leachable levels. Of the gasoline constituents, only benzene was observed above the limit of detection (of 5 microg/kg), with no samples observed as being above the method detection limits of 10 microg/kg. For the 18 pesticides analyzed, most were in the nondetectable range and all were in trace amounts that were orders of magnitude below regulatory guidelines.

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“…Lake Pontchartrain and its surrounding wetlands support a diverse assemblage of wildlife, including invertebrates, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, and birds which may be affected by the pumping of contaminated floodwater from New Orleans into the lake (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). McFall and others (8) reported in 1985 that water column samples from Lake Pontchartrain contained numerous USEPA priority pollutants at parts-per-billion concentrations. Pollutants detected included aldehydes, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, herbicides, pesticides, phenols, phthalates, and quinolines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Pathogens and Toxicants in New Orleans, LA Following Hurricane Katrina

Presley

Rainwater

Austin

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

159

124

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Storm surge associated with Hurricane Katrina and the breach of levees protecting New Orleans, Louisiana allowed floodwaters from Lake Pontchartrain to inundate 80% of the city. Environmental samples were collected during September 16-18, 2005 to determine immediate human and wildlife health hazards from pathogens and toxicants in the floodwaters. Baseline information on potential long-term environmental damage resulting from contaminants in water and sediments pumped into Lake Pontchartrain was also collected. Concentrations of aldrin, arsenic, lead, and seven semivolatile organic compounds in sediments/soils exceeded one or more United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) thresholds for human health soil screening levels and high priority bright line screening levels. High numbers of Aeromonas spp., pathogenic Vibrio spp., and other coliform bacteria were found in floodwater samples. Alligator and snake tissues did not contain excessive toxicant concentrations. Initial findings suggest numerous environmental contaminants are present in New Orleans and support the need for further evaluation of the extent of those threats.

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Organics in the water column of Llake Pontchartrain

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Naphthalene?an environmental and occupational toxicant

Naphthalene?an environmental and occupational toxicant

Chemical Quality of Depositional Sediments and Associated Soils in New Orleans and the Louisiana Peninsula Following Hurricane Katrina

Assessment of Pathogens and Toxicants in New Orleans, LA Following Hurricane Katrina

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