Organic Upconversion Display with an over 100% Photon-to-photon Upconversion Efficiency and a Simple Pixelless Device Structure

Song, Qinglu; Lin, Tong; Su, Zisheng; Chu, Bei; Yang, Huishan; Li, Wenlian; Lee, Chun‐Sing

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02738

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The extensive research on π‐conjugated materials over the last two decades has provided a better understanding of the light‐harvesting mechanisms in optoelectronic devices . Consequently, organic photodetectors (OPDs) show not only excellent quantum efficiency, and tunable spectral selectivity, but can also take advantage of photon up‐conversion, and photomultiplication mechanisms . Most importantly, organic semiconductor‐based sensors have closely approached the performance of conventional inorganic photodetectors demonstrating remarkable levels of responsivity, dark current, and even long‐term stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Detection in Open‐Circuit Voltage Mode of Organic Photodetectors

Kielar

Hamid

Wiemer

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Organic photodetectors (OPDs) are promising candidates for next‐generation light sensors as they combine unique material properties with high‐level performance in converting photons into electrical signals. However, low‐level light detection with OPD is often limited by device dark current. Here, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc ) regime of OPDs is shown to be efficient for detecting low light signals (<100 µW cm−2). It is established that the light‐dependence of Voc exhibits two distinct regimes as function of irradiance: linear and logarithmic. Whereas the observed logarithmic regime is well understood in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), it is shown experimentally and theoretically that the linear regime is due to the non‐infinite shunt resistance of the OPD device. Overall, OPDs composed of rubrene and fullerene show photovoltage light sensitivity across nine orders of magnitude with a detection limit as low as 400 pW cm−2. A photovoltage responsivity of 1.75 V m2 W−1 demonstrates highly efficient performance without the necessity to supress high dark current. This approach opens up new possibilities for resolving low light signals and provides simplified design rules for OPDs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Detection in Open‐Circuit Voltage Mode of Organic Photodetectors

Kielar

Hamid

Wiemer

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…An organic upconverter with ɳ ph over 100% was demonstrated by exploiting a photomultiplying effect of a NIR photodetector (see Figure 4) [43]. For an ITO/lead phthalocyanine (PbPc)/C 60 /Al photodetector under 10 V reverse bias and for a light intensity of 0.052 mW cm −2 at 808 nm, EQE det was 1.95 × 10 4 %, demonstrating a current gain mechanism due to trapassisted photomultiplication (see Figure 5).…”

Section: All-organic Upconvertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, NIR light with an intensity of several (tens of) mW cm −2 was upconverted but very efficient devices have already been demonstrated. For example, NIR light at 808 nm with an intensity of 52 μW cm −2 was upconverted to green light with a maximum luminance on-off ratio of about 60 [43]. From the linear dynamic NIR photoresponse range, it was estimated in reference [42] that organic upconverters are capable of detecting NIR light intensities down to 10 μW cm −2 .…”

Section: Challenges and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further development of upconverters that include a photodetector with a gain is a promising approach to increasing the device efficiency [43] because this approach keeps the most simple layer stack architecture. In a photodiode, EQE is typically limited to a maximum of 100%.…”

Section: Challenges and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduced with permission from Ref[41], Copyright 2018 AIP; c) Molecular structures, device layer stack and schematic energy level diagram of an upconverter with a photon conversion efficiency of over 100%. Reproduced with permission from Ref [43],. Copyright 2018 ACS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recent advances with optical upconverters made from all-organic and hybrid materials

Hany

Cremona

Strassel

2019

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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The growing interest in near-infrared (NIR) imaging is explained by the increasing number of applications in this spectral range, which includes process monitoring and medical imaging. NIR-to-visible optical upconverters made by integrating a NIR photosensitive unit with a visible emitting unit convert incident NIR light to visible light, allowing imaging of a NIR scene directly with the naked eye. Optical upconverters made entirely from organic and hybrid materialswhich include colloidal quantum dots, and metal-halide perovskitesenable low-cost and pixel-free NIR imaging. These devices have emerged as a promising addition to current NIR imagers based on inorganic semiconductor photodiode arrays interconnected with read-out integrated circuitry. Here, we review the recent progress in the field of optical upconverters made from organic and hybrid materials, explain their functionality and characterization, and identify open challenges and opportunities.

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Organic Upconversion Imager with Dual Electronic and Optical Readouts for Shortwave Infrared Light Detection

Eedugurala

Leem

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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There remains a critical need for large‐area imaging technologies that operate in the shortwave infrared spectral region. Upconversion imagers that combine photo‐sensing and display in a compact structure are attractive since they avoid the costly and complex process of pixilation. However, upconversion device research is primarily focused on the optical output, while electronic signals from the imager remain underutilized. Here, an organic upconversion imager that is efficient in both optical and electronic readouts, extending the capability of human and machine vision to 1400 nm, is designed and demonstrated. The imager structure incorporates interfacial layers to suppress non‐radiative recombination and provide enhanced optical upconversion efficiency and electronic detectivity. The photoresponse is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art organic infrared photodiodes exhibiting a high external quantum efficiency of ≤35% at a low bias of ≤3 V and 3 dB bandwidth of 10 kHz. The large active area of 2 cm2 enables demonstrations such as object inspection, imaging through smog, and concurrent recording of blood vessel location and blood flow pulses. These examples showcase the potential of the authors’ dual‐readout imager to directly upconvert infrared light for human visual perception and simultaneously yield electronic signals for automated monitoring applications.

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Organic Upconversion Display with an over 100% Photon-to-photon Upconversion Efficiency and a Simple Pixelless Device Structure

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Light Detection in Open‐Circuit Voltage Mode of Organic Photodetectors

Light Detection in Open‐Circuit Voltage Mode of Organic Photodetectors

Recent advances with optical upconverters made from all-organic and hybrid materials

Organic Upconversion Imager with Dual Electronic and Optical Readouts for Shortwave Infrared Light Detection

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