Organic supramolecular protective layer with rearranged and defensive Li deposition for stable and dendrite-free lithium metal anode

Unusual Inside–Outside Li Deposition within Three-Dimensional Honeycomb-like Hierarchical Nitrogen-Doped Framework for a Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode

“…The surface morphologies of the HHNF and electrodes after cycling and plating a suitable amount of Li were determined by a Hitachi SU1510 (scanning electron microscopy, SEM). In addition, the measurements of the inner structure, distribution of elements, and determination of the structure component have been mentioned in our previous work . X-ray diffraction (XRD) with the recorded 2θ degree that ranged from 5 to 85° was applied to confirm the crystalline phase of the sample using a Rigaku D/max 2550 V. For the further determination of the structure of the HHNF, an ESCALab 250Xi spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) was also used for obtaining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).…”

“…Recently, high-energy and practical lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are gradually attracting more and more research concerns, which are considered as a great alternative to metal ion batteries to meet the requirements of large capacity and long running lifetime in electric vehicles and portable devices. , Unfortunately, the high activity owning to the Li metal anode (LMA) in LMBs will cause a severe generation of Li dendrites and large volume variation, despite the lowest available reduction potential (−3.04 V) and ultrahigh capacity (3860 mAh g –1 ) are doable in theory, which is much higher than common anode materials. , Meanwhile, influenced by the weakness of an uneven solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed around an Li anode, it is often easily punctured by freshly deposited metallic Li, causing the excess consumption and unnecessary loss of the electrolyte. As a result, low and bad Coulombic efficiency (CE) and increased resistance will further reduce the electrochemical performance of LMA. , To overcome these obstacles, extensive works have been done to increase the safety and stability of LMA during Li plating and stripping processes.…”

“…1,2 Unfortunately, the high activity owning to the Li metal anode (LMA) in LMBs will cause a severe generation of Li dendrites and large volume variation, despite the lowest available reduction potential (−3.04 V) and ultrahigh capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) are doable in theory, which is much higher than common anode materials. 3,4 Meanwhile, influenced by the weakness of an uneven solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed around an Li anode, it is often easily punctured by freshly deposited metallic Li, causing the excess consumption and unnecessary loss of the electrolyte. As a result, low and bad Coulombic efficiency (CE) and increased resistance will further reduce the electrochemical performance of LMA.…”

Dendrite-Free and Stable Lithium Metal Battery Achieved by a Model of Stepwise Lithium Deposition and Stripping

“…Additionally, lithiophilic sites in the substrate effectively disperse Li ions, thereby reducing the Li nucleation barrier and guiding uniform Li deposition. Some inorganic components such as heteroatom-doped carbon [25][26][27], metals and their derivatives [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] along with unique organic materials [36][37][38][39] possess excellent lithiophilicity to promote homogeneous Li deposition and growth. Therefore, an ideal current collector must possess abundant lithiophilic groups to impart substantial lithiophilicity.…”

Lithiophilic Vertical Cactus‐Like Framework Derived from Cu/Zn‐Based Coordination Polymer through In Situ Chemical Etching for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

“…[ 20–24 ] Recently, 3D porous hosts used as current collectors have shown great application potentials in commercial Li metal batteries due to their large specific surface area and abundant pores, which are beneficial for lessening the local current density and relieving the large volume expansion, respectively. [ 25–30 ] In addition, many lithiophilic sites on the skeleton can reduce the initial nucleation barrier and rearrange the distribution of free Li ions to achieve dendrite‐free morphology. [ 31–34 ] The most suitable current collector for Li metal anodes should possess three features: a large specific surface area, sufficient internal spaces and massive lithiophilic sites.…”