Organic Spherical Nucleic Acids for the Transport of a NIR‐II‐Emitting Dye Across the Blood–Brain Barrier

Abstract

DNAn anotechnology playsa ni ncreasingly important role in the biomedical field;however,its application in the design of organic nanomaterials is underexplored. Herein, we report the use of DNAnanotechnology to transport aNIR-IIemitting nanofluorophore across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), facilitating non-invasive imaging of brain tumors. Specifically,the DNAblockcopolymer,PS-b-DNA, is synthesized through asolid-phase click reaction. We demonstrate that its self-assembled structure shows exceptional cluster effects, among which BBB-crossing is the most notable.Therefore,PSb-DNAisutilized as an amphiphilic matrix to fabricate aNIR-II nanofluorephore,w hich is applied in in vivo bioimaging. Accordingly,the NIR-II fluorescence signal of the DNA-based nanofluorophore localized at aglioblastoma is 3.8-fold higher than the NIR-II fluorescence signal of the PEG-based counterpart. The notably increased imaging resolution will significantly benefit the further diagnosis and therapyo fb rain tumors.Supportinginformation and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.

Progress and Viewpoints of Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials for Glioblastoma Theranostics

“…The scheme and brain vessel images of IR-FE are shown in Figure 4b. NIR-II imaging revealed IR-FE's bright emission and deep penetration with the clear cerebral angiogram under the 808 nm laser [64].…”

“…[75]. Adapted from [48], [64], [69], and [75], Springer 2018, Wiley 2020, Elsevier 2020, and American Chemical Society 2021.…”

“…(d) The IVIS image from persistent luminescent ZnGa2O4:Cr 3+ , Sn 4+ with the tumor change (days 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24)[75]. Adapted from[48],[64],[69], and[75], Springer 2018, Wiley 2020, Elsevier 2020, and American Chemical Society 2021.…”

Small Molecular NIR-II Fluorophores for Cancer Phototheranostics

“…( Figure 3 C). 98 Through self-assembly, PS- b -DNA could form the micelle structure with many typical features of spherical nucleic acid (SNA). The PS- b -DNA SNA was capable of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-crossing via cell membrane-bound scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis.…”

Star-Polymer Unimolecular Micelles for Brain Specific Delivery of Anticancer Drug

“…4 Nano-prodrug development has clearly identi ed that carriers having less than 50 nm size can penetrate the BBB and enable drug accumulation in brain. [5][6][7][8][9] Polypeptide nanoparticles (NPs), [10][11][12][13] protease-responsive-nanogels, 14 synthetic protein NPs, 15 self-assembled oligopeptide shuttles, [16][17][18] spherical nucleic acids, [19][20] albumin NPs, 21 pluoronic micelles, 22 chemotactic and chimeric polymerosomes, [23][24] liposomes, [25][26] dendrimers, [27][28][29] worm-like micelles, 30 T cell-medicated polymer NPs 31 are some of the important examples reported for BBB research. Uncontrollable glomerular renal ltration of the smaller (< 15 nm) nanocarriers, splenic and hepatic ltration of bigger NPs (> 200 nm) in the body limits the drug NP formulation concentration in the intravenous administration, which in turn reduces the bioavailability of NP for BBB crossing.…”