Organic Solvents in Sustainable Synthesis and Engineering

Cseri, Levente; Razali, Mayamin; Pogány, Péter; Székely, György

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809270-5.00020-0

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…A strong Tyndall effect (laser scattering due to nano-scale dispersion) was observed in dispersions in benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), isobutyl alcohol (IBA), and diacetone alcohol (DAA). These solvents are the sustainable green solvents that have no serious environmental, health, or safety hazards in the industry [45]. The concentration of Nb 2 Se 9 was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the concentration of Nb 2 Se 9 was found to be high in the solvent exhibiting a strong Tyndall effect (Figure 2b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Nb2Se9 Molecular Chain from Bulk One-Dimensional Crystal by Liquid Exfoliation

Chae

Siddiqa

et al. 2018

Nanomaterials

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The optimum solvent for Nb2Se9 dispersion, which is a new type of one dimensional (1D) material, is investigated. Among several solvents (16 solvents in total), strong dispersion was observed in benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and diacetone alcohol, which have medium dielectric constants in the range of 10 to 30 and surface tension in the range of 25 to 35 mJ m−2. 1D Nb2Se9 chains, whose size is less than 10 nm, are well dispersed and it is possible to disperse mono-chains of 1 nm or less in a specific dispersion region. The 1D unit chain with dangling bond free surface and high volume to area ratio is expected to be used in applications that utilize the surface of the material. Such dispersion is an important first step towards various potential applications and is an indispensable scientific goal for the practical applications of Nb2Se9.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Nb2Se9 Molecular Chain from Bulk One-Dimensional Crystal by Liquid Exfoliation

Chae

Siddiqa

et al. 2018

Nanomaterials

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“…Organic solvents serve a variety of functions in the manufacture of chemicals and materials in the worldwide economy. Industries that use organic solvents provide economic opportunity in their communities, but the life cycles of industrial solvents – encompassing the production, transportation, use, and ultimate disposal/destruction of the solvent – introduce sources of emissions that potentially impact human health and the environment in those communities . According to the principles of green chemistry and green engineering, designing (or redesigning) products and processes to avoid the need for solvents is the preferred means of preventing pollution associated with solvent use .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If solvent use cannot be avoided in a process, green chemistry/engineering principles advocate employing the least amount of the safest solvent that delivers the requisite performance. In many situations, the life‐cycle impact of using even the safest solvents can be reduced by recovering and reusing the solvents . For example, the Green Engineering Program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) identified solvents used in four industrial sectors as a potential opportunity to obtain large environmental benefits should those solvents be reclaimed and reused .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industries that use organic solvents provide economic opportunity in their communities, but the life cycles of industrial solvents -encompassing the production, transportation, use, and ultimate disposal/destruction of the solvent -introduce sources of emissions that potentially impact human health and the environment in those communities. 1,2 According to the principles of green chemistry and green engineering, designing (or redesigning) products and processes to avoid the need for solvents is the preferred means of preventing pollution associated with solvent use. [3][4][5] If solvent use cannot be avoided in a process, green chemistry/engineering principles advocate employing the least amount of the safest solvent that delivers the requisite performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many situations, the life-cycle impact of using even the safest solvents can be reduced by recovering and reusing the solvents. 2 For example, the Green Engineering Program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) identified solvents used in four industrial sectors as a potential opportunity to obtain large environmental benefits should those solvents be reclaimed and reused. 6 The solvents were used in high volumes and the production and disposal of these solvents were determined to require large amounts of energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review: membrane materials for the removal of water from industrial solvents by pervaporation and vapor permeation

Vane

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

107

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Organic solvents are widely used in a variety of industrial sectors. Reclaiming and reusing the solvents may be the most economically and environmentally beneficial option for managing spent solvents. Purifying the solvents to meet reuse specifications can be challenging. For hydrophilic solvents, water must be removed prior to reuse, yet many hydrophilic solvents form hard‐to‐separate azeotropic mixtures with water. Such mixtures make separation processes energy‐intensive and cause economic challenges. The membrane processes pervaporation (PV) and vapor permeation (VP) can be less energy‐intensive than distillation‐based processes and have proven to be very effective in removing water from azeotropic mixtures. In PV/VP, separation is based on the solution–diffusion interaction between the dense permselective layer of the membrane and the solvent/water mixture. This review provides a state‐of‐the‐science analysis of materials used as the selective layer(s) of PV/VP membranes in removing water from organic solvents. A variety of membrane materials, such as polymeric, inorganic, mixed matrix, and hybrid, have been reported in the literature. A small subset of these is commercially available and highlighted here: poly (vinyl alcohol), polyimides, amorphous perfluoro polymers, NaA zeolites, chabazite zeolites, T‐type zeolites, and hybrid silicas. The typical performance characteristics and operating limits of these membranes are discussed. Solvents targeted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for reclamation are emphasized and ten common solvents are chosen for analysis: acetonitrile, 1‐butanol, N,N‐dimethyl formamide, ethanol, methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl tert‐butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and 2‐propanol. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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