Organic solid-state lasers

Kranzelbinder, G.; Leising, G.

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/63/5/201

Cited by 138 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…[21] The methyl-substituted LPPP (mLPPP) derivative has a methyl substituent attached to the methine bridge in order to increase interchain distances, and it has successfully been applied in OLEDs, [22] LECs, [23,24] and solid-state organic lasers. [25] The optoelectronic properties of mLPPP-based LECs using either an HMWPEO [23,24] or a crown ether (dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6)) [26] -based solid-state electrolyte are already published. 18C6 in combination with a Li salt was chosen in order to maintain some ionic conductivity because of the mismatch of the Li radius and the crown ether diameter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Phase Morphology on the Optoelectronic Properties of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Wenzl¹,

Pachler

Suess

et al. 2004

Adv Funct Materials

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We report on the morphological aspects of thin films prepared from a blue–green light‐emitting conjugated polymer, (methyl‐substituted ladder‐type poly(p‐phenylene, mLPPP)), blended with a solid‐state electrolyte composed either by a crown ether, dicyclohexano‐18‐crown‐6 (DCH18C6), or a high‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene oxide) (HMWPEO), and a Li salt, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3, Li triflate (LiTf)), as they have been successfully applied in light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The surface morphologies of the blend layers were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode, and the ion distribution was probed using X‐ray analysis by means of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDXS) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). We show that the two different phase‐separation processes, the complexation tendencies of the ionic species as well as the ionic transport numbers, have tremendous influence on the performances of the corresponding LECs, revealing either rectifying or symmetric optoelectronic characteristics in forward and reverse bias directions. This opens up new possibilities for tuning the optoelectronic properties of ion‐supported organic electronic devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Phase Morphology on the Optoelectronic Properties of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Wenzl¹,

Pachler

Suess

et al. 2004

Adv Funct Materials

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“…For dye-doped polymers, dissipation of the heat deposited during optical pumping can be facilitated by covalently linking the dye molecules to the polymer chain, which increases the photonic coupling of the dye molecule to the host medium. [2]. Alternative approaches for lifetime prolongation involve fluorination of the host polymer [107,108], dispersion of nanoparticles in its bulk [109] and use of co-polymers [58] One attractive feature of dyes is the absence of spectral overlap between their stimulated emission and ground state absorption bands [8].…”

Section: Self-focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter provides a convenient means of engineering optical and material properties of the gain medium, such as absorption and emission wavelengths and bandwidths, photoluminescence quantum yield, Stokes shift, and compatibility with dye or rare-earth ion dopants. Furthermore, organic lasers and amplifier sources exhibit high degree of spectral tunability, and large stimulated emission crosssections, which make them attractive for applications such as optical sensing, on-chip spectroscopy, and data communications [2,3].…”

Section: Introduction: Activated Polymer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic solid‐state integrated amplifiers and lasers

Grivas

Pollnau

2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

209

202

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Solid-state organic amplifiers and lasers are attractive for hybrid integration due to their compatibility with different material platforms, straightforward processing, and possibility to optimize easily their optical and electronic properties by molecular engineering. Advances in the gain medium design and synthesis in combination with new resonator architectures led to tremendous improvements in temporal and spectral properties, lifetime stability, gains produced and operating threshold powers, which triggered interest in their use for a broad range of integrated photonic applications. In this contribution, the current state-of-the-art in the field of organic solid-state amplifiers and lasers is reviewed from the aspects of fabrication technology, gain materials, and device performance. Furthermore, examples of the progress of this technology from a laboratory curiosity to one that demonstrates practical integrated photonic applications are highlighted. An outlook is also provided on research areas and applications that are likely to shape further developments of this technology. (Figure reprinted from [296],

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“…t ASE 1=2 values were estimated for the oligomers in air and nitrogen atmosphere to reveal the influence of detrimental photo-oxidation, i.e., generation of carbonyl defects. 19 BF-et and BF-hex expressed similar t ASE 1=2 of 1.3 Â 10 4 and 4 Â 10 4 pump pulses in air and inert atmosphere, respectively, whereas, for F-et and F-hex, these lifetimes were 2 Â 10 4 and 6 Â 10 4 pulses. The greater photostability revealed for fluorene-cored oligomers was mainly due to the reduced ASE threshold, whereas 3-fold worse photostability obtained in air as that in inert atmosphere was evidently conditioned by photo-oxidation.…”

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confidence: 86%

Fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers as low threshold and high gain amplifying media

Kazlauskas

Kreiza

Bobrovas

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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Deliberate control of intermolecular interactions in fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers was attempted via introduction of different-length alkyl moieties to attain high emission amplification and low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold at high oligomer concentrations. Containing fluorenyl peripheral groups decorated with different-length alkyl moieties, the oligomers were found to express weak concentration quenching of emission, yet excellent carrier drift mobilities (close to 10−2 cm2/V/s) in the amorphous films. Owing to the larger radiative decay rates (>1.0 × 109 s−1) and smaller concentration quenching, fluorene-cored oligomers exhibited down to one order of magnitude lower ASE thresholds at higher concentrations as compared to those of benzofluorene counterparts. The lowest threshold (300 W/cm2) obtained for the fluorene-cored oligomers at the concentration of 50 wt % in polymer matrix is among the lowest reported for solution-processed amorphous films in ambient conditions, what makes the oligomers promising for lasing application. Great potential in emission amplification was confirmed by high maximum net gain (77 cm−1) revealed for these compounds. Although the photostability of the oligomers was affected by photo-oxidation, it was found to be comparable to that of various organic lasing materials including some commercial laser dyes evaluated under similar excitation conditions.

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Organic solid-state lasers

Cited by 138 publications

References 135 publications

The Influence of the Phase Morphology on the Optoelectronic Properties of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

The Influence of the Phase Morphology on the Optoelectronic Properties of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Organic solid‐state integrated amplifiers and lasers

Fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers as low threshold and high gain amplifying media

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