Organic Single-Crystal Light-Emitting Transistor Coupling with Optical Feedback Resonators

Bisri, Satria Zulkarnaen; Sawabe, Kosuke; Imakawa, Masaki; Maruyama, Kenichi; Yamao, Takeshi; Hotta, Shu; Iwasa, Yoshihiro; Takenobu, Taishi

doi:10.1038/srep00985

Cited by 60 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Practical realization of the concept demonstrated spectral narrowing behavior as a clear evidence of the cavity effect. These results open a route to the development of color tunable and highly efficient SCLETs as well as electro-optical interconnecting devices [763].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study [763], a single-crystal light-emitting transistor (SCLET) was realized by employing single-crystal optical waveguide, coupler, and resonator prepared from as-grown organic single crystals. Using parallel edges of the crystal as Fabry-Perot cavity, effective optical coupling between single-crystal waveguides and optical feedback resonator was realized by simple crystal lamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic semiconductors for device applications: current trends and future prospects

Ahmad

2014

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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Abstract:With the rich experience of developing silicon devices over a period of the last six decades, it is easy to assess the suitability of a new material for device applications by examining charge carrier injection, transport, and extraction across a practically realizable architecture; surface passivation; and packaging and reliability issues besides the feasibility of preparing mechanically robust wafer/substrate of single-crystal or polycrystalline/ amorphous thin films. For material preparation, parameters such as purification of constituent materials, crystal growth, and thin-film deposition with minimum defects/ disorders are equally important. Further, it is relevant to know whether conventional semiconductor processes, already known, would be useable directly or would require completely new technologies. Having found a likely candidate after such a screening, it would be necessary to identify a specific area of application against an existing list of materials available with special reference to cost reduction considerations in large-scale production. Various families of organic semiconductors are reviewed here, especially with the objective of using them in niche areas of large-area electronic displays, flexible organic electronics, and organic photovoltaic solar cells. While doing so, it appears feasible to improve mobility and stability by adjusting π-conjugation and modifying the energy bandgap. Higher conductivity nanocomposites, formed by blending with chemically conjugated C-allotropes and metal nanoparticles, open exciting methods of designing flexible contact/interconnects for organic and flexible electronics as can be seen from the discussion included here.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic semiconductors for device applications: current trends and future prospects

Ahmad

2014

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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“…In this regard one can make use of layered structures comprising p-type and n-type semiconductor crystals. 108 Alternatively Bisiri et al 109 very recently made an interesting LEFET structure. The structure is characterised by a couple of parent-child crystals of the same chemical species (i.e., BP3T) where the child (small) feedback resonator is coupled to the parent (large) single crystal waveguide.…”

Section: Light-emitting Field-effect Transistors (Lefets)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The layered crystals exhibit the optical coupling between the two, drastically lowering the threshold for the spectral narrowing and nonlinear emission intensity increment. 109 …”

Section: Light-emitting Field-effect Transistors (Lefets)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Exotic Optoelectronic Properties of Organic Semiconductors with Super-Controlled Nanoscale Sizes and Molecular Shapes

Hotta¹,

Yamao²,

Katagiri³

2014

j nanosci nanotechnol

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We present several aspects of thiophene/phenylene co-oligomers (TPCOs). TPCOs are regarded as a newly occurring class of organic semiconductors. These materials are synthesized by hybridizing thiophene and phenylene rings at the molecular level with their various mutual arrangements. These materials are characterized by the super-controlled nanoscale sizes and molecular shapes. These produce peculiar crystallographic structures and high-performance optical and electronic properties. The crystals of TPCOs were obtained through both vapor phase and liquid phase. In the TPCO crystals, the molecules take upright configuration. These cause large carrier mobilities of field-effect transistors and laser oscillations under optical excitations. Spectrally-narrowed emissions (SNEs) were also achieved under weak optical excitation using a mercury lamp. The light-emitting field-effect transistors using these crystals for an active layer have shown the current-injected SNEs when the device was combined with an optical cavity and operated by an alternating-current gate-voltage method. Thus the TPCO materials will play an important role in the future in the fields of nanoscale technology and organic semiconductor materials as well as their optoelectronic device applications.

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“…They are thermally stable and have typically high charge carrier mobilities (> 0.1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) since they have an ordered structure in the solid state [60], which can help to maximise the brightness.…”

Section: Single Crystal Lefetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active channel field-effect transistors: Towards high performance light emitting transistors

Tandy¹

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This thesis describes the study of the development and device physics of organic field-effect transistors and organic light-emitting field-effect transistors. Using chemical and physical properties of organic semiconductors such as light emission, multi-functional devices, or "Active Channel Field-Effect Transistors" can be created. This thesis first describes the creation of basic ambipolar FETs before building on this knowledge to develop ambipolar as well as hole-dominated light emitting field-effect transistors.Ambipolar FETs using a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymer were first investigated in this thesis. When gold electrodes were used, the devices could transport only holes. The charge injection was altered by changing the contacts to aluminium. The devices then were able to conduct both electrons and holes with maximum electron and hole mobilities of order 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 respectively.Light-emitting field-effect transistors were first studied using the model emissive polymerSuper Yellow. Charge injection was studied by altering the electron-injecting contact. Materials used included the low work function metals Ca, Ba and Sm, the inorganic salt Cs 2 CO 3 and the organic material TPBi. Ambipolar devices were created using a neat Super Yellow layer. Electron and hole mobilities in these devices were both of the order of 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . The maximum external quantum efficiency was 1.2 ± 0.2 % with a Sm electron-injecting contact, however this occurred at a brightness of less than 1 cd m −2 . A maximum brightness of 43 ± 9 cd m −2 was obtained using a Cs 2 CO 3 -Ag electron-injecting contact in electron accumulation mode. At this brightness, the external quantum efficiency was 0.19 ± 0.04 %.Unipolar devices were also fabricated by adding high mobility charge transport layer of PBTTT underneath the Super Yellow. Since PBTTT had a hole mobility that was orders of magnitude greater than the charge carrier mobilities of Super Yellow, charges were transported in the PBTTT, and recombined within the Super Yellow layer. Super Yellow acted as an emissive layer only. Using this bilayer device architecture, a maximum brightness of 100 ± 4 cd m −2 was obtained with a Ca electron-injecting contact. An external quantum efficiency of 0.04 ± 0.01 % was achieved at the maximum brightness.In order to improve the external quantum efficiency of LEFETs, phosphorescent materials were chosen for use as the emissive layer. A co-evaporated layer of the iridium complex Ir(ppy) 3 in a host of CBP was initially used in the devices. Charge injection was studied by using either a Ba or a TPBi/Ba electron-injecting contact. 4Devices were first fabricated using PBTTT as a hole-dominated charge transport layer.Using a TPBi/Ba electron-injecting contact, the maximum brightness achieved was 200 ± 40 cd m −2with an external quantum efficiency of 0.18 ± 0.01 % at the maximum brightness. Devices were then fabricated using a charge transport layer of DPP-DTT to create ambipolar devices. Electron and ...

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Organic Single-Crystal Light-Emitting Transistor Coupling with Optical Feedback Resonators

Cited by 60 publications

References 48 publications

Organic semiconductors for device applications: current trends and future prospects

Organic semiconductors for device applications: current trends and future prospects

Exotic Optoelectronic Properties of Organic Semiconductors with Super-Controlled Nanoscale Sizes and Molecular Shapes

Active channel field-effect transistors: Towards high performance light emitting transistors

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